Dynamic safety model.  Dynamic safety model. (A) Gradients push the system operating point away from the boundaries of economic failure and work overload.

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 Dynamic safety model.  Dynamic safety model. (A) Gradients push the system operating point away from the boundaries of economic failure and work overload and towards the unacceptable performance (accident) boundary. (B) Stable low risk systems (A) operate far from this boundary; stable high risk systems (B) operate nearer the acceptable margin but the operating point moves in small increments and remains largely inside the marginal boundary; unstable systems (C) have large rapid shifts in the operating point. Modified from Rasmussen.5 R Cook, and J Rasmussen Qual Saf Health Care 2005;14:130-134 Copyright © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and the Health Foundation. All rights reserved.