Ethics Theme 1 Revision - Meta-ethics, normative, objective, subjective, absolute, relative, teleological, deontological A. DCT - William of Ockham God – objective truths Omnipotence Biblical examples Modified DCT – Adams and omnibenevolence B. Virtue Theory – personal qualities and character not actions Aristotle – Golden mean Jesus – the Beatitudes C. Ethical egoism – opposite to altruism Normative agent focused ethic Long term Psychological egoism - Driver Max Stirner – stages, Rejection of material gain union of egoists Three challenges and strengths Euthyphro dilemma Arbitariness problem Pluralism objection Not a practical guide Cultural relativism Immoral acts Destruction of community ethos Social injustice Bigotry D. Naturalism Objective moral laws exist Natural world Cognitivist and universal Bradley E. Intuitionism Moral truths known through intuition Innate Mature mind needed Pritchard – general and moral thinking F. Emotivism – Hume No objective moral laws Personal emotional attitudes Boo/Hurrah Explains disagreements Ayer – not verifiable or falsifiable (Logical Positivism) Persuasive Not subjectivism Hume’s law Moore’s Naturalistic Fallacy Open Question Argument No proof Intuitive ‘truths’ differ No way to solve conflicting intuitions No basic moral principles established Ethical debate becomes pointless activity No universal agreement that some actions are wrong

Libertarianism I'm free

Introduction to Libertarianism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuVsMztAlys&index=5&list=PL2ggVdh XSioxebariYjPJGPi5IXg0B6oI 1. What is Libertarianism? 2. Create a list of five Libertarians and their key ideas Kane Dennett and Mele Kant Descartes Epicurus Quantum Mechanics

Group work and feedback In groups of three Research one of the following scholars – Sartre, Rogers and Dr Sirigu You can find someone researching the same scholar as you and work together if you want. Read the information Watch the video Write a one sided summary sheet – in whatever format your group choose. Feedback in groups of three – complete all the activities on pages 13- 22

Sartre https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwbF7l950FY&list=PL2ggVdhXSio xebariYjPJGPi5IXg0B6oI&index=6 Humans are not free – no God and self consciousness Pour soi – being for itself The gap Bad faith Reverse psychology Waiter illustration of bad faith Gift and a curse (responsibility)

Carl Rogers Song - Unwritten I am unwritten, can't read my mind, I'm undefined I'm just beginning, the pen's in my hand, ending unplanned Staring at the blank page before you Open up the dirty window Let the sun illuminate the words that you could not find Reaching for something in the distance So close you can almost taste it Release your inhibitions Feel the rain on your skin No one else can feel it for you Only you can let it in No one else, no one else Can speak the words on your lips Drench yourself in words unspoken Live your life with arms wide open Today is where your book begins The rest is still unwritten Oh, oh, oh I break tradition, sometimes my tries, are outside the lines We've been conditioned to not make mistakes, but I can't live that way Reaching for something in the distance So close you can almost taste it Release your inhibitions Feel the rain on your skin No one else can feel it for you Only you can let it in No one else, no one else Can speak the words on your lips Drench yourself in words unspoken Live your life with arms wide open Today is where your book begins https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html Humanist approach Phenomenological approach Peoples lives can become determined Self-actualisation ‘As no one else can know how we perceive, we are the best experts on ourselves’ ‘The paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change for the better.’

Dr Sirigu https://www.bioedge.org/bioethics/free_will_resides_in_the_parietal_cort ex/8608 Cognitive neuroscience The parietal cortex – site of free will, brain region involved in the consciousness of movement Pre motor cortex Free floating DNA in the brain allows for free will Haggard – peer support The experiment Conclusions

AO2- The extent to which philosophical, scientific and/or psychological views on libertarianism inevitably lead people to accept libertarianism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLYgOxb3- E8&list=PL2ggVdhXSioxebariYjPJGPi5IXg0B6oI&index=7 Kant https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1Clur- TiAU&index=8&list=PL2ggVdhXSioxebariYjPJGPi5IXg0B6oI

Strengths and weaknesses of libertarianism Strengths Sartre – we experience being free Sirigu – evidence, support, Haggard Rogers – support from psychologists Challenges Sartre – no proof Sirigu – doesn’t prove no cause Rogers- don’t know if we are conditioned by social factors.