Civil War 1861-1865.

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Presentation transcript:

Civil War 1861-1865

Shots Fired -war begins at Fort Sumter, S.C., 1861 -Bull Run (Manassas) -July 1861 -Southern victory : General “Stonewall” Jackson -did not pursue the retreating Union army - Lincoln called for Gen. McClellan to lead Union -citizens watched the battle for entertainment in best clothes… disaster

Shiloh (Small Tenn Church) -April 1862 -costly victory for Ulysses S. Grant Lost a lot of men - order reinforcements, counterattack next day, Confed. army retreats -1. demonstrated the cost of victory would be great -2. Grant needed to send out scouts, dig trenches, build fortifications - Anaconda plan was working!

Antietam -Sept. 17th 1862 -bloodiest single day of the war -26,000 dead, more than Mx-Am War and war of 1812 combined - ROBERT E. LEE - Moves CONFED troops towards DC - Gen. McClellan: sends spy, finds Lee’s army’s orders wrapped around bunch of cigars - McClellan makes his move - South eventually retreats, - McClellan does not follow -Union victory for McClellan - Nov. 7th, Lincoln fires McClellan, “The Slows”

Confederate Victories -Confederates greatly outnumbered but Lee still wins - “Grant the Butcher” -Dec. 1862 -Fredericksburg Union lost- 12,000 Confed lost- 5,000 (But could not replace them) -May 1863 -Chancellorsville “Lee’s perfect battle” - Outmaneuvered the North, w/a smaller army -Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson is killed “He has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right”- Lee

Gettysburg =Turning point of the war -July 1863 (3 day battle) -Lee invades North -Pushing into PA (Needed a confed Victory on Union Soil) -Little Round Top -Cemetery Ridge: Higher Ground, Lee knew he had to get control of 2nd Day: Lee (Confeds) Surrender -

Gettysburg 3rd Day: -Pickett’s Charge *Lee optimistic 1 more day of attack to break Union Defenses. * 2 hour fight - Lee orders Pickett and his men to attack the center of Union lines. (Pickett’s Charge) = HUGE failure and devastation - Lee surrenders once again, badly beaten. - 30 % casualties Union lost: 23,000 Confeds lost: 28,000

-Grant surrounds city on the Mississippi Vicksburg Miss., only place out of 2, preventing Union control of MISS River -Nov. 1862 -Grant surrounds city on the Mississippi -try to split the south Barricades and bombs city for months Supplies low: people resort to eating dogs July 4, 1863- Vicksburg fell (along with Hudson, LA) DIVIDING THE CONFED INTO 2!

South is Split -July 1863 -Grant captures Vicksburg after long seige -Grant is called to command Union armies

Sherman’s March -1864 - Sherman’s “March to the Sea”: -Total War =Fight Civilian life too -*“War is Hell” why? - Produced weapons, transported goods, & the strength of the people’s will kept the war going. -PLAN: Grant would immobilize Lee’s army in VA, move S Sherman would raid GA *remember- the N could afford more casualties

Sherman’s March -burning of Atlanta, he burned most of Atlanta: buildings, crops, livestock, people -destroy the will to fight, march to the coast With the help of Grant, Sherman burns most of GA, SC and NC

Grant in Pursuit -1864 -Lee in retreat -Grant attacks repeatedly at great loss of life -Lincoln wants speedy end to war

War’s End -April 1865 *clear the Confederacy is drawing near to the end -Grant surrounds Lee outside Richmond -surrender at Appomattox Court House in VA. - At Lincoln’s request the terms were very generous. *Sent home with 3 days, rations, personal possessions and weapons.