Key Issue 3: Why Do States Cooperate with Each Other? GEOPOLITICS State’s power to control territory, shape international policy and other states’ foreign policy

The Cold War Era: late 1940’s to 1990’s Two SUPERPOWERS emerged post-WWII: The United States and the Soviet Union Europe divided between pro-western or democratic alligned western Europe and pro-soviet or communist alligned eastern Europe

Iron Curtain

Berlin Wall

Balance of power: condition of roughly equal strength between opposing alliances Satellite nations: those nations that appeared to be sovereign states but were under the control politically, economically and militarily by the Soviet Union. Ex. Poland

Buffer state: a small neutral state lying between two rival states Annexation: the formal act of acquiring a territory through force or occupation Ex. Germany annexed Czechoslovakia in 1939 What is a current example of annexation? 2016 Russia annexed the Crimean peninsula in Ukraine. Buffer state: a small neutral state lying between two rival states Ex. Mongolia lying between Russia and China: helps reduce direct confrontation Shatter belt: a region caught between colliding external cultural and political forces Ex. Poland (Russia & Germany) and Kashmir (India & Pakistan)

Geopolitical Theory: Organic Theory Friedrich Ratzel “States are like organisms and that hunger for land to survive.” Hitler and Nazi Party… Putin and Russia???

Geopolitical Theory: Heartland Theory Halford Mackinder “Who rules Eastern Europe commands the heartland; Who rules the heartland commands the World Island; Who rules the World Island controls the world” Any power that controlled the “World Island” would have 50% of the worlds resources (namely coal).

Who controlled the “World Island” during the Cold War?? This led to the….

U.S. Policy of “containment” The Domino Theory. This would cause a fall of the world island to the Soviets

Geopolitical Theory: Rimland Theory Nicolas Spykman Naval power/sea power more important than land based: Western Europe and South, SE, & East Asia “He who rules the Rimland, contains the Heartland and rules the world”.

Supranationalism & Devolution Poster

Create a mind map/giant card sort! Explain the CONCEPT OR VOCAB on your small square. Use your textbook and cell phones for internet research. You will explain your term/concept to your group and tape it where it goes on the graphic organizer. VOCAB ECONOMIC SUPRANATIONALISM DEVOLUTION MILITARY POLITICAL/SOCIAL THESIS STATEMENT & SHORT ANSWER: Explain how the process of supranationalism leads to devolution.

Why do states cooperate? SUPRANATIONALISM: MILITARY POLITICAL/SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVOLUTION:

Why do states cooperate (or not)? SUPRANATIONALISM When 3+ states forging associations for mutual benefit and pursuit of shared goals, but give up some autonomy in doing so. States seeking common economic, political, and cultural ground by joining unions created to benefit participants and disadvantage others Leads to the creation of other supranational orgs for those left out Most successful example: EU DEVOLUTION The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy. The disintegration of a state along regional lines Propelled by forces that divide and destabilize, usually centrifugal forces Examples: Former Czechoslovakia and Scotland

International Cooperation Economic Treaties and Free Trade Agreements Military Alliances Supranational Agreements Map of NATO Countries

Trading Blocs

NAFTA

OPEC The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a large group of countries[1][2] made up of Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and Ecuador (which rejoined OPEC in November 2007)

Turkey and Romania want to join but have faced resistance. European Union Began as European Economic Community (EEC), 1957. Stronger in 1994 10 new members joined, 2004 Turkey and Romania want to join but have faced resistance.

ASEAN “One vision, one identity, one community” To accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development as well as, promote regional peace and stability throughout the region.

African Union MISSION STATEMENT: To achieve greater unity and solidarity between the African countries and Africans. To defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of its Member States. To accelerate the political and social-economic integration of the continent. To promote peace, security, and stability on the continent. To promote and protect human and peoples' rights. To promote co-operation in all fields of human activity to raise the living standards of African peoples

Red Cross/Red Crescent

United Nations Member States (195) The United Nations System is based on five active principal organs UN General Assembly UN Security Council UN Economic and Social Council UN Secretariat International Court of Justice Non-member States Taiwan (China) Vatican City (Has not applied) Western Sahara (territory of Morocco) Palestinian Territories Tibet (China)