MOBILITY ANALYSIS AID FOR LOWER LIMB DISABILITIES USING STATIC WALKER Authors: Aneel John Edgar, Dr. Muhammad Asif, Engr. Nazia Ejaz, Ibad ur Rehman, Javeria Jawed & Mahwish Moiz. 2nd Position in Gold Category in IEEEP All Student’s Seminar 2019

CONTENTS WHAT IS GAIT? BACKGROUND PROBLEM STATEMENT INTRODUCTION MECHANICAL DESIGN WORKING MECHANISM RESULTS CONCLUSION

WHAT IS GAIT? "Gait" means the way a person walks. Abnormal gait or gait abnormality occurs when the body systems that control the way a person walks do not function in the usual way. Person’s way of walk is describe its Gait pattern.

BACKGROUND Many studies suggested that cognitive concerns are associated with worse mobility. There are several types of lower limb disabilities [1] which are linked to neuropathology such as Stroke, Hemiplegia, Ataxia, Parkinson [2], etc. [1] H. Hurkmans, J. Bussmann, E. Benda, J. Verhaar, and H. Stam, “Techniques for measuring weight bearing during standing and walking,” Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 576–589, 2003. [2] A. H. Snijders, B. P. Van De Warrenburg, N. Giladi, and B. R. Bloem, “Neurological gait disorders in elderly people: clinical approach and classification,” The Lancet Neurology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 63–74, 2007.

PROBLEM STATEMENT Problem-related to the gait is increasing due to either aging or due to any disease or accident. Difficulty in analysis of patients related to a disease such as chronic health problems, Parkinson, hemiplegic, paraplegia, and stroke.

INTRODUCTION The restricted mobility or limitation within the gait has an adverse effect on the overall quality of life. This paper investigates and studies the mobility analysis of the lower limb disabilities. The objective is to perform Gait analysis to gain insight information about the restricted mobility patient condition and monitor the rehabilitation process to improve patient mobility. A static walker frame equipped with four load sensors, one on each leg is used to capture the forces applied by the upper limb during the mobility.

MECHANICAL DESIGN In mechanical design the PASCO Load cell sensors are used for measuring the force. Two walking frames has been used while cleave them from different positions, for the placement of sensor. Fixation of the sensors: In Model A , sensors are placed in unequal positions. In Model B, sensors are placed in with equal positions.

MODEL A - UNEQUAL POSITIONS Fig 1.2: Normal Walk on Model(A) Static Walker Fig 1.3: Applying force on Model(A) Static Walker Fig 1.1: Model (A) Static Walker

MODEL B – EQUAL POSITIONS Fig 1.4: Model (B) Static Walker Fig 1.5: Taking Spatiotemporal Measurements of Subject Fig 1.6: Osteoporotic Subject walking on Model (B) Walker

WORKING MECHANISM OF STATIC WALKER Fig 1.7: Sensors Interfacing with Walking Frame through PASCO Software

PRELIMINARY RESULT OF GENOMIC SUBJECT Table 1: Genomic Subject Sample Age (yrs) Weight (kg) Height (ft) BMI Step Time (Sec) Right to Left Step Length (in) Left to Right Step Length Stride Length Condition 85 61 5”2 24.7 10 19 16.5 17.2 33.7 Normal Genomic

GRAPHS OF GENOMIC SUBJECT Fig 1.8 (a): Individual Forces F1, F2, F3 and F4 Fig 1.8 (b): Sum Forces of F1+ F3 and F2+F4

GRAPH EVALUATION At first F1 rises up to 30N, F2 rises to 15N similarly F3 rises 59N and F4 30N. The values of four forces changes differently from person to person because it depends on strength of muscle, age and BMI. From the above observation it has been noted that force is inversely proportional to velocity.

PRELIMINARY RESULT OF OSTEOPOROTIC SUBJECT Table 2: Osteoporotic Subject Sample Age (yrs) Weight (kg) Height (ft) BMI Step Time (Sec) Right to Left Step Length (in) Left to Right Step Length Stride Length Condition 56 48 5’’3 21.5 07 22 1 14. 28.5 osteoporosis

GRAPHS OF OSTEOPOROTIC SUBJECT Fig 1.9 (a): Individual Forces F1, F2, F3 and F4 Fig 1.9 (b): Sum Forces F1+F3 and F2+ F4

GRAPH EVALUATION The value of F1 increases to 90N, F2 increases to 80N, F3 increases to 50N and F4 to 25N. Due to condition of osteoporosis, the gait pattern will change at every point, also that the sum forces of F1 and F3 will show that; Left Leg is more affected as compare to the sum forces of F2 and F4 i.e. Right leg. It is proved that the velocity decreases as the force increases. Secondly, as the age increases, the muscle force increases and due to which the time also increases.

TABLE OF GENOMIC SUBJECTS S. No. Age (yrs) Weight (kg) Height (ft) BMI Step Time (sec) Right to left step length (in) Left to right step length (in) Stride Length (inch) 1 63 77 6’’7 18.5 06 16 17.2 21 38.2 2 74 66 5”6 23.4 10 19 19.5 22.2 41.7 3 22.6 07 17 40.5 4 83 5”8 25.7 22.5 24.2 46.7 5 70 32 16.2 18 34.2 6 75 57 5”3 22.3 20 23.5 42.5 7 56 5”10 23.7 20.2 42.7 8 55 30.1 19.2 40.2 9 87 41 4”11 18.2 35.5 85 61 5”2 24.7 16.5 33.7 11 19.8 09 22 20.5 12 24.6 13 65 5”1 27.1 33.5 14 5”4 21.7 42 15 67 5”5 23.9 34.5 62 69 26 60 25.2 21.5 13.5 35 71 36.2 80 59 5”7 20.4 40 64 45 Table 3: Genomic Subjects Data Collection

TABLE OF OSTEOPOROTIC SUBJECTS S. No. Age (yrs) Weight (kg) Height (ft) BMI Steps Time (sec) Right to Left Step Length (in) Left to Right Step Length Stride Length (inch) 01 56 48 5’’3 21.5 07 22 1 14. 28.5 02 36 50 19.5 08 21 18 39 03 52 62 5’’4 23.3 23 18.2 39.7 04 5’’25 21.1 24 19 22.2 41.2 05 72 57 5’’2 23.1 28 17 06 64 47 18.4 23.2 22.1 45.3 55 5”3 17.7 6 15 20.5 35.6 46 42 4”9 20 16.2 17.1 33.3 09 85 5’’11 26.2 22.5 10 60 5’’6 15. 11 4’’9 12 5’’1 18.5 40.7 13 30 58 22.7 16 34.5 14 70 5’’5 25.7 27 33 22.9 40 54 77 35 5’’7 20.1 25 17.2 36.7 61 24.7 21.2 Table 4: Osteoporotic Subjects Data Collection

CONCLUSION By using different types of spatiotemporal gait parameters, the conditions of osteoporotic and genomics can be characterized. Our study has proved that the upper limb forces are inversely proportional to the velocity of the body. Moreover, it has been observed that muscle force decreases with the increase in age; this may lead to many muscular diseases in aged patients like osteoporosis and muscular dystrophy.