8-2: Theodore Roosevelt and the Square deal, 1900-1912

Thematic Learning Objectives WXT 2.0 Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to economic issues. WXT 3.0 Analyze how technological innovation has affected economic development and society. POL 2.0 Explain how popular movements, reform efforts, and activist groups have sought to change American society and institutions. POL 3.0 Explain how different beliefs about the federal government’s role in U.S. social and economic life have affected political debates and policies. GEO 1.0 Explain how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of various communities, and analyze how competition for and debates over natural resources have affected both interactions among different groups and the development of government policies. CUL 3.0 Explain how ideas about women’s rights and gender roles have affected society and politics.

Key Concept Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system.

Political Reform in the Nation “Square Deal” The “Bully Pulpit” Presidency as media platform Advocate ideas Set political agenda Pressure Congress Labor Arbitration for coal strike Reversed Gilded Age precedent Intervened on side of labor

Political Reform in the Nation “Square Deal” Trust-busting Evaluated trusts as good or bad Breakup of Northern Securities Company (J.P. Morgan) Railroad Regulation Extended regulatory powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission

Political Reform in the Nation “Square Deal” Consumer Protection Pure Food and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act Conservation Advocated protection of natural resources and wildlife U.S. Forest Service, National Parks

Political Reform in the Nation Taft’s Presidency Reversal of Progressivism Administrative, not political Opposition to conservation Support for moderate tariff Too lower for Republicans/industrialists Too high for Democrats/progressives Split in the Republican Party “Old Guard” conservatives “Insurgent” progressives

Political Reform in the Nation Election of 1912 Candidates Roosevelt (Bull Moose/Progressive) Taft (Republican/Old Guard) Woodrow Wilson (Democrat/Progressive) Results Democrats win presidency and Congress Republicans shift away from progressivism to become more conservative