Warm-Up What are some differences between a solid, liquid, and gas? Announcements Unit 8 Tests on 4th Quarter! (will be entered in PowerSchool after Q3 grades are finalized). I can tell you your grade while you work on your POGIL today.

Kinetic Molecular theory POGIL Table 1 SOLID LIQUID GAS SPACING POTENTIAL FOR MOVEMENT FILLING A CONTAINER

Warm-up Welcome Back! What causes gas particles to exert pressure on their containers? Reminder: Unit 8 Test Corrections Due Friday!

Properties of Gases PhET

Phet Sample Data

Phet Sample data

Warm-Up Get out your yellow equation sheet and blue reference sheet, & Properties of Gases Packet you finished for HW What is considered to be Standard Temperature & Pressure (STP)? (List ALL of the P values)

The Ideal Gas Law

Real Gases Real gases deviate from ideal behavior (Kinetic Molecular Theory) at high pressures and low temperatures. At high pressures, the volume of the actual gas particles becomes noticeable, so they become more difficult to compress At low temperatures, the kinetic energy of the gas particles is so small that they begin to clump together and form liquids

Ideal Gas Law This law mathematically explains all the properties of an ideal gas (obeys KMT) PV = nRT P = Pressure (any units) V = Volume in liters (L) n = #of particles in moles (mol) R = Ideal gas constant Units must match pressure T = Temperature in Kelvin (K)

Practice How many moles of a gas at 100oC does it take to fill a 1.00-L flask to a pressure of 1.50 atm? Make a list: P = V = n = R = T =

Practice What is the volume occupied by 9.45 g of C2H2 at STP? Make a list: P = V = n = R = T =

Combined Gas Law n is constant 1 represents the initial conditions 2 represents the final conditions P, V, and T units must match each other! This law explains what will happen to an Ideal gas when you change its conditions.

Practice At conditions of 785 torr and 15.0oC, a gas occupies a volume of 45.5 mL. What will be the volume of the same gas at 745 torr and 30.0oC? Make TWO Lists: P1 = V1 = T1 = P2 = V2 = T2 =

Warm-Up Get out your HW (Stamp!) Get out your yellow sheet, blue sheet, and a calculator. Why doesn’t the size/mass of gas particles affect the pressure they exert on their container?

Check your work! n = 0.0157 mol V = 4100 L V2 = 3.0 x 101 L or 30. L P = 33.7 atm T = 207 °C

Practice On a cold morning (10.0oC), a group of hot-air balloonists start filling their balloon with air, using a large fan. After the balloon is 75% filled, they turn on the propane burner to heat the air. At what Celcius temperature will the air completely fill the balloon to its maximum capacity of 1700.0 L? Make TWO Lists: P1 = V1 = T1 = P2 = V2 = T2 =

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure Particles of different gases in a mixture act independently The total pressure of a mixture of gases will equal the sum of the pressures exerted by each gas PT = P1 + P2 + P3 + …

Practice A person using an oxygen mask is breathing air with O2 at a pressure of 36 kPa. What is the partial pressure of the N2 when the air pressure in the mask is 110 kPa? Make a list: PT = P1 = P2 =

Ideal Gas Law Practice Due tomorrow (2/28)! Circle questions #6, 14 & 19---Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure (but must use Combined Gas Law first!) 3 Equations (on yellow sheet) R & STP Constants (on blue sheet) Ideal Gas Law: PV=nRT Combined Gas Law: Dalton’s Law or Partial Pressure: Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 +….

Warm-up Get out your yellow equations sheet, blue reference sheet, and a calculator. Get out your HW (Ideal Gas Law Practice)

Warm-up WELCOME BACK!!!! Get out your yellow equations sheet, blue reference sheet, a calculator, and a piece of notebook paper. If you completed the Unit 9 Study Guide for Extra Credit, hand it to me (I will return them tomorrow). Announcements * Unit 8 Test Corrections this week! Please sign up! * Unit 9 Test Friday!

Ideal Gas Law Problem PV=nRT One gas with variables remaining constant (P, V, n, T) What volume will 4.93 g of CO2 occupy at 820 mmHg and 32°C? P = V = n = R = T =

Combined Gas Law Problem One gas with variables changing (like P, V, and T) Remember: If a variable is constant (or not mentioned), you can cross it out of the equation. A gas at 27°C occupies 6.50 L. What will its volume be at -23°C? P1 = V1 = T1 = P2 = V2 = T2 =

Gas Stoichiometry Problem #1 More than one gas. Must write the chemical reaction! STP MAKES IT SO EASY! If liquid carbon disulfide reacts with 450 mL of oxygen to produce the gases carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide at STP, what volume of each product is produced?

Gas Stoichiometry Problem #2 More than one gas. Must write the chemical reaction! Ammonium sulfate, an important fertilizer, can be prepared by the reaction of ammonia with sulfuric acid according to the following balanced equation: 2 NH3 (g) + H2SO4 (aq)  (NH4)2SO4 (aq) Calculate the volume of NH3 (in liters) needed at 20°C and 25.0 atm to react with 150 kg of H2SO4.

Warm-Up (don’t write the prompt) A chemist might commonly perform the following reaction in a chamber at 327oC under a pressure of 900.0 mmHg. How many grams of ammonia would be produced from 166.3 liters of hydrogen gas at the above conditions? 3 H2 + N2  2 NH3