ຄົນເຈັບເປັນ Anemia. ເປັນຫຍັງ?

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ຄົນເຈັບເປັນ Anemia. ເປັນຫຍັງ? University of Calgary, CANADA And Lao UHS Internal Medicine Workshops 2009

“ຖ້າຄົນເຈັບຂ້ອຍເປັນ anemia ຂ້ອຍຊິສົ່ງເລືອດໃຫ້.” ຊັກປະຫວັດ ແລະກວດກາຮ່າງກາຍ. ນຳໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນພື້ນຖານຂອງຫ້ອງວິເຄາະ. ຈຳນວນເມັດເລືອດ, ຂະໜາດRBC, ກວດເລືອດດ້ວຍmicroscope. ການເລືອກກວດສະເພາະສາມາດຊ່ວຍໄດ້ບາງຄັ້ງ. ຂໍ້ຄິດສຳລັບ anemia ການສົ່ງເລືອດສາມາດແກ້ບັນຫາໄດ້ບໍ່? ຄົນເຈັບຕ້ອງການທີ່ຈະໃສ່ເລືອດບໍ່?

RBC ປົກະຕິ

ເມື່ອພົບຄົນເຈັບທີ່ເປັນ anemia ມີ 3 ສາເຫດທີ່ຄວນຄິດຫາ. ເລືອດໄຫຼ. ເລືອດໄຫຼກະທັນຫັນ. ຄ່ອຍເປັນຄ່ອຍໄປ. ເມັດເລືອດແດງຖືກທຳລາຍ ການຜະຫຼິດເມັດເລືອດແດງຫຼຸດລົງ.

ສາມສາຍເຫດພາໃຫ້ມີ Anemia. 1. ເລືອດໄຫຼ. ເລືອດໄຫຼກະທັນຫັນ. trauma, surgery, melena, hematemesis, menometrorrhagia. ຄ່ອຍເປັນຄ່ອຍໄປ: (ulcer or carcinoma). ໄຫຼແບບບັງຄັບ (ການກວດເລືອດຊ້ຳເພື່ອບົ່ງມະຕິ,ຟອກໄຂ່ຫຼັງ, ບໍລິຈາກເລືອດເກີນ).

ຖ້າຄົນເຈັບເຈົ້າມີພາວະເລືອດຈາງແບບຄ່ອຍເປັນຄ່ອຍໄປ

ທ່ານເຄີຍນຳໃຊ້ສ່ວນປະກອບຂອງເລືອດມາພິຈາລະນາບໍ່?

Case 1 Hgb 98, MCV 72, retics not elevated. Morphology classification Kinetic classification. what do you suspect? What more info do you want Hx, Px, lab. (Dx PUD) Management plan?

Case 2 Hgb 82, MCV 74, retics not elevated. Morphology class. (note stacking artifact for hypo/micro) Kinetic class. Suspect? What hx, px, lab (DX = CA, note ACD) Management?

ສາມສາຍເຫດພາໃຫ້ມີ Anemia. 2. ເມັດເລືອດແດງຖືກທຳລາຍ. ມີບາງຢ່າງຜິດປົກະຕິພາຍໃນເຊວເມັດເລືອດແດງເຊີ່ງພາໃຫ້ແຕກໄດ້ງ່າຍດາຍ. Sickle cell ພົບເລື້ອຍ.  ມີບາງຢ່າງຜິດປົກະຕິພາຍນອກເຊວເມັດເລືອດແດງເຊີ່ງພາໃຫ້ແຕກໄດ້ງ່າຍດາຍ. ພາວະຊືມເຊື້ອຂອງ RBC. ພົບຫຼາຍໃນພະວະເປັນ Malaria . ຮ່າງກາຍສ້າງທາດກາຍຕ້ານກັບ RBC.

ຮູບຮ່າງທີ່ບໍ່ປົກະຕິຂອງເມັດແລືອດແດງ Abnormal RBC Shapes

Schistocytes: ເມັດເລືອດແດງຖືກທຳລາຍແບບ Mechanical

Spherocytes: ເມັດເລືອດແດງຖືກທຳລາຍແບບ Immunological

ສາມສາຍເຫດພາໃຫ້ມີ Anemia. 2. ການຜະຫຼິດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ. ການສ້າງເມັດເລືອດແດງກໍ່ຄ້າຍຄືກັບການເຮັດເຂົ້າໜົມເຄັກ.ຄວາມຕ້ອງການ: ສ່ວນປະສົມ. Iron, folate, vitamin B12. ຄູ່ມືຫຼືການສ້າງແຜນທີ່ດີຈະສາມາດຊ່ວຍທ່ານໄດ້ວ່າຈະເຮັດແນວໃດກັບສ່ວນປະສົມນັ້ນ. ຢີນທັງໝົດພາຍໃນເມັດເລືອດແດງກໍ່ຄືແຜນ ແລະ ພະຍາດ Thalassemia ກໍ່ເປັນນື່ງໃນຕົວຢ່າງ. ການເຮັດວຽກຂອງເຕົາອົບ. ເຕົາອົບກໍ່ຄືແອ້ກະດູກເຊີ່ງເຮັດໜ້າທີ່ໃນການສ້າງເຊວເມັດເລືອດ.

Folate or Vitamin B12 deficiency. Compare RBC size to lymphocyte nucleus.

Normal Neutrophil

Folate or Vitamin B12 deficiency: Hypersegmented Neutrophil

Case 3

Case 4 Hgb 78, MCV 65, retics elevated Morphol class Kinetic class What do you suspect? More info Hx, Px, lab

Case 5 Discussion of inclusions

Thalassemia

ຄົນເຈັບຂ້ອຍເປັນ Anemia. ຕ້ອງຖາມຕົວເອງສະເໝີ “ ເປັນຫຍັງ?”. ຄິດຫາດ້ານຕ່າງຯທີ່ສາມາດເປັນໄປໄດ້. ເບີ່ງເງື່ອນໄຂຈາກປະຫວັດ, ກວດຮ່າງກາຍ ແລະຂໍ້ມູນຈາກ Lab ພື້ນຖານ. ພິຈາລະນາກ່ອນທີ່ຈະສົ່ງເລືອດ.