Mr George Molaolwa (Cand. Sci. Nat.) M.Sc. HYDROGEOLOGY Development of a Training Manual for Groundwater Resource Management and Groundwater Governance for Municipalities in South Africa 27/09/2018

Overview 1. Introduction 2. Data Collection 2.1. Questions 3. Results and interpretation 3.1. Northern Cape 3.2. Free State 4. Challenges 5. Recommendations 6. Training Manual Modules 7. Conclusion

1. Introduction One way of understanding the impact of climate change on groundwater resources and exploring climate smart groundwater infrastructure options Developed a questionnaire & conducted telephonic interviews. Free State and Northern Cape Provinces. The study was performed in both district and local municipalities of each province. Aim: to assess the depth of knowledge and technical capacity of municipality personnel concerning aspects of groundwater resource management. Interviewee: water service technical manager, process controller, foreman or general worker in the infrastructure/ water division.

1. Introduction Cont… The prime objective of the interview survey was to: assess training needs on groundwater resource management and groundwater governance; for municipalities, which are ultimately beneficial to the drafting of training manual for municipalities in South Africa -to favour climate smart groundwater infrastructure options

2. Data collection 2.1. Questionnaires 21 to 13 questions Time management Focused on the interest of the topic Identify training needs

3. Results and interpretation 3.1. Free State Province One metropolitan municipality (MMM). Four district municipalities. Subdivided into 19 local municipalities.

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State 8. Which of the following specific aspects of groundwater resources do you think needs training? 1. Groundwater monitoring 2. Groundwater abstractions and use 3. Groundwater vulnerability and protection 4. All

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State

3.2. Free State 3.2.1. Verbal response (Question 19 to 21) Q:13. Which components of groundwater resource management would you like to see and include into the training course? All District municipalities Cleaning and revamping collapsed Boreholes (removing stones and pollutants. How to identify a good underground water source and to abstract enough water from it. Management of groundwater resource (avoiding over abstraction). Training on water demand and supply. Borehole water quality. How to deal with old and knew boreholes -Conduite pipe & WQS taps Anything important for the municipality personnel to know regarding GRM (Groundwater resource management). Reading measurements and groundwater monitoring. I have no idea, anything relevant is welcome.

3.2.2 Free State Province Interpretation Most municipalities make use of groundwater. Half of these municipalities have no groundwater management plan in place. The level of skills/capacity for groundwater resource management in municipalities is average. Most municipalities suggested that everyone working in the water division of the municipality deserves to be trained. Most municipalities have resources for training and are eager utilize them for a GRM Training.

4. Challenges Difficulty of getting hold of relevant interviewees. FS VS NC- Informative response. E coli and NO3 have been detected in Northern Cape Municipalities’ boreholes. Municipality borehole water is not treated or disinfected. Some municipality boreholes are not monitored nor maintained therefore water levels in boreholes remain unknown. Most municipalities don’t have flow meters. Borehole collars and plates are open; BHs subjected to Animal &/solid waste. Vandalism of borehole pumps. Uncontrolled dozing of chlorine

5. Recommendations All Boreholes should be Sanitary sealed. Borehole water should be chlorinated for treatment or disinfection. Municipalities should have flow meters. There should be security enforcement for the protection of borehole pumps. Borehole collars and plates should be tightly closed at all time. Municipality personnel should be trained on quick response to any water emergency. Water balance from the ground source to the delivery point should be monitored on a regular basis. (Pipe Inspection). GMP and WSDP are advisable to have by municipalities.

5. Recommendations

6. Training Manual Modules Module 1: Hydrological Cycle Module 2: Water law Module 3: Groundwater Management Module 4: Groundwater Regulation Module 5: Groundwater Quality Module 6: Groundwater Quantity Module 7: Groundwater Monitoring Module 8: Data and Information Recording and Management Module 9: Operational and Maintenance related to Bulk Groundwater Supply Schemes

7. Conclusion Majority of municipalities lack appropriate geohydrological information/report concerning their groundwater. GMP, WSDP are needed for effective implementation and management of groundwater. Most municipalities have poor operational maintenance of their boreholes; No geohydrologically satisfying record keeping of the abstraction and use of groundwater No reliable groundwater monitoring system to comply with SANS in terms of water quality. However, all these aspects motivate the development of the training manual.

THANK YOU!