Climate Change Planning Process Mitigation GHG Emissions Assessment Setting targets Assessment and selection of measures Implementation of measures Monitoring and Evaluation of Measures Adaptation Vulnerability Assessment Setting objectives

Mitigation Adaptation Key Questions GHG Emissions Assessment Vulnerability Assessment Key Questions Which sectors are the largest emitters of GHGs? How is your city exposed to climate change today and in the future? How sensitive are your city’s people, places and institutions to this exposure? Who is most vulnerable and least able to adapt? What sectors / assets / groups are most important? Source: UN Habitat

Mitigation Adaptation Key Questions GHG Emissions Assessment Setting targets Adaptation Vulnerability Assessment Setting objectives Key Questions How much GHG emissions reduction would you target? Is this target for the city or municipality level or for a specific sector? Would the objective be to increase adaptive capacity – or reduce sensitivity or exposure? What other broader development objectives (e.g. poverty, education) can you address along with climate change adaptation?

Key Questions Mitigation Adaptation GHG Emissions Assessment Setting targets Assessment and Selection of Measures Adaptation Vulnerability Assessment Setting objectives Key Questions Which measures (actions, policies, initiatives) can you identify to achieve the set targets or objectives? After identifying the actions, how do you select which ones to implement first, which is a process called prioritization?

Decision making in planning for climate change Using CLIMACT PRIO: A decision support tool for climate change adaptation and mitigation prioritization

policy makers’ and planners’ decisions in planning for climate change CLIMACT Prio tool how to prioritize climate change adaptation and mitigation actions Elena A system to guide policy makers’ and planners’ decisions in planning for climate change

Relevance & Application of CLIMACT PRIO TOOL Alex Planning for Climate Change (UN Habitat, 2014) City Development Strategy Toolkit (Cities Alliance, 2016) Toolbox of Methodologies Climate and Energy http://toolbox.climate-protection.eu/home/ Participatory integrated assessment of flood protection measures for climate adaptation in Dhaka (Haque et al., 2012)

Relevance: Participatory planning Alex Participatory integrated assessment of flood protection measures for climate adaptation in Dhaka (Haque et al., 2012) Urban Planning and Design Labs: tools for integrated and participatory urban planning (UN Habitat, 2016)

CLIMACT Prio tool CLIMACT PRIO is a climate awareness, decision support, and capacity building tool for screening and prioritizing climate change actions. By prioritizing, this refers to bringing down the climate change actions “from wish list…to a feasible and relevant short list”. Watch the CLIMACT PRIO TOOL video. This method does not necessarily identify an “optimal” option, but rather requires the user to draw conclusions by looking at different components of the whole assessment and prioritization process, while seeking a consensus decision between stakeholders with different needs, concerns and priorities.

What is the workshop about? At the end of this week, each group, whose members will simulate the role of multiple stakeholders, can identify, assess, prioritize, and present 6 local climate change adaptation and mitigation actions to reduce vulnerability and emissions based on the selected case study

CLIMACT PRIO TOOL: STEPS Step 0: Identifying the most vulnerable sectors (and local problems) Step 1: Listing, screening, and ranking of adaptation actions Step 2: Selection of adaptation actions Step 3: Marginal Abatement Cost (SKIP) Step 4: Identification of evaluation criteria Step 5: Scoring and standardization of actions Step 6: Weighting of criteria Step 7: Results of weighted scores and final ranking Step 8: Prioritization of actions Alex

Step 0 – Read the city’s vulnerability profile

Identify sectors/assets with highest priority for action Disaster Management Agriculture Infrastructure Water Management Flood Management Health Ecology Transport Social Identify sectors/assets with highest priority for action Look at other possible issues or problems that the city is facing

CLIMACT PRIO TOOL: STEPS Step 0: Identifying the most vulnerable sectors (and local problems) Step 1: Listing, screening, and ranking of adaptation actions Step 2: Selection of adaptation actions Step 3: Marginal Abatement Cost (SKIP) Step 4: Identification of evaluation criteria Step 5: Scoring and standardization of actions Step 6: Weighting of criteria Step 7: Results of weighted scores and final ranking Step 8: Prioritization of actions Alex

Identify sectors/assets with highest priority for action Disaster Management Agriculture Infrastructure Water Management Flood Management Health Ecology Transport Social Identify sectors/assets with highest priority for action Look at other possible issues or problems that the city is facing

Step 1a – Listing of 10 possible adaptation actions

Step 1b – Screening and ranking of alternative adaptation actions

Study the feasibility and impact criteria – and their corresponding descriptions and scoring scale.

Evaluate each alternative adaptation action against each of the seven feasibility and impact criteria.

Step 1b – Feasibility ranking of adaptation actions Observe how all the scores for each adaptation action add up as well as the over all ranking and the results of the feasibility index. Total: sum of feasibility and impact criteria scores Ranking: ranking of final scores Feasibility Index: average sum of all feasibility scores

Observe the feasibility graph Observe the feasibility graph. Also, examine the ranking of all adaptation actions as well check all adaptation and individual actions based on the Feasibility Index and the Total Score.

Step 2 – Selection of 6 adaptation actions

Step 3 – Identification of 5 evaluation criteria from different categories Environmental Economic Social Climate Feasibility Governance The criteria selected can be of a diverse nature and should relate to broader local governments’ priorities and objectives

Evaluation Criteria need to be SMART: Specific, sensitive, solid Measurable Achievable, applicable, acceptable Relevant, reliable, realistic Time bound

The criteria selected can be of a diverse nature and should relate to broader local governments’ priorities and objectives. Define a unit of measurement for each criterion (“1-5”) and specify the direction of preference (Min/Max).

Step 4 – Scoring of actions (Impact Assessment Matrix) Assign scores for each adaptation action against the selected evaluation criteria. Learn more about their advantages, disadvantages, costs and benefits, and financing options. Use the template for climate actions provided.

Scoring – Standardized scores One must standardize the values in order to be able to compare the scores. This is done automatically for CLIMACT PRIO. The higher the numbers represent a positive outcome and lower numbers represent less positive or negative outcomes.

Standardization Graphs

Standardization Graphs

Step 5 – Weighting of criteria by stakeholders

Impact range: the maximum score minus the minimum score assigned to each action in the impact matric

Weights: the average of all scores for all stakeholders Degree of Convergence: indicates the degree of consensus on different criteria Observe the final criteria weighting. Observe if there is low degree of convergence.

Which criteria are most valued?

Results of Weighted Scores Final weighted scores: weighted summation between the standardized scores of the impact matrix and the weights assigned to each criterion

Results – Ranking

Step 6 – Prioritization of Actions How can the final ranking be explained? Which criteria contribute mostly to the highest ranked alternatives? Which criteria (objectives) will be met by the actions?

Prioritization of Actions Water storage and conservation Rainwater harvesting Design standards Construction of evacuation centers Emergency medical services Early warning systems What does the prioritization of actions imply for the city’s climate adaptation policy?

Developing a Climate Change Action Plan Address both mitigation and adaptation in an integrative manner Designate the spatial location of actions/inteventions Determine the timeframe for the implementation of actions Identify financial resources for the implementation of actions Indicate relevant stakeholders and possible partnerships

What does an Action Plan include? Why Who What Where When How ? Elena

What does an Action Plan include? Main issues (vulnerabilities and emissions based on assessment) Objectives (priorities, targets based on plans) Why Who What Where When How Resources (e.g. budget), mainstreaming into existing plans and policies Stakeholders Elena Timeline,, overlap, synergies between Actions Prioritized Climate Change Actions (with Adaptation & Mitigation co-benefits & trade-offs) Spatial distribution of Actions on the city’s map

What does an Action Plan include? Main issues (vulnerabilities based on assessment) Objectives (priorities, targets based on plans) Source: Vulnerability Assessment, GHG Inventories Why Who What Where When How Resources (e.g. budget), mainstreaming into existing plans and policies Stakeholders Tool: Stakeholder mapping Method: …Desk study! Elena Timeline,, overlap, synergies between Actions Prioritized Climate Change Actions (with Adaptation & Mitigation co-benefits & trade-offs) Tool: Gantt chart Tool: Climact Prio Spatial distribution of Actions on the city’s map Tool: Visualization, mapping software

Stakeholders map z Civil society Issue(s) or Objectives Private sector Secondary stakeholders z Primary stakeholders Key stakeholders Civil society Issue(s) or Objectives Private sector Public sector

Spatial distribution of actions Source: UMD10 students

Timeline: gantt chart Source: IHS Action Planning Workbook Note: this is a rough Gantt Chart example, it should not be taken as being ideal or realistic!

Timeline, Stakeholders & Resources Apart from the timeplan, the gantt chart can be used to present additional information for the Actions planned: Actions Time division: Days / Weeks / Months / Years Stakeholders Notes on resources & mainstreaming Action 1 Action 2 Action 3 Etc ….

Workshop schedule

Useful tips for the CLIMACT Prio week First think, then (Clim)act! Brainstorm as a group using the flipcharts and metaplan cards, at each step of the prioritization process. Fill in the spreadsheet when you have taken your decisions. One “official” file Each member may want to have their own files to experiment with the tool. However, on Day 1 you should decide as a group who will have the official file that presents your work. This is the file that you will submit at the end of the workshop to be graded. Appoint roles to the team members Each time should have 1 time manager and 1 “official spreadsheet” user who inserts the data. You may want to add more roles (e.g. visualiser) to organise the team and share the workload. Alexandra

Useful tips for the CLIMACT Prio tool Adaptation Actions Brainstorm on both structural and non-structural actions. Measurement units Use one of these measurement scales: 1-5 or 1-10. Minimizing / maximizing Criteria When identifying your criteria, be careful. If the criterion has a negative connotation, like “cost”, you want to minimize it. If it is something positive, e.g. “employment generation”, you want to maximize it! Scoring Actions according to Criteria! If you have chosen “maximize”, the highest number (e.g. 5 or 10) represents the most desired score. If you have chosen “minimize”, the lowest number (1) represents the most desired score. Alexandra