Allergen-specific CD8+ T cells in peanut-allergic individuals

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Allergen-specific CD8+ T cells in peanut-allergic individuals Wong Yu, MD, PhD, Xiaoying Zhou, PhD, Diane Dunham, MSc, Shu Chen Lyu, MSc, Monali Manohar, PhD, Wenming Zhang, PhD, Fan Zhao, PhD, Mark M. Davis, PhD, Kari Nadeau, MD, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 143, Issue 5, Pages 1948-1952 (May 2019) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.011 Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 A, CD8+ T cells are activated by peanut protein in peanut-allergic patients. PBMCs from peanut-allergic patients were incubated with or without peanut protein at 200 μg/mL for 24 hours. Mass cytometry was then used to measure the percentage of CD69+CD8+ T cells, which is represented here with violin plots. Each pair of blue points connected by a line represents a peanut-allergic subject whose PBMCs were also used in Fig 2, A. Pairs of gray points (media vs peanut protein, not connected by lines) represent additional peanut-allergic subjects. P values calculated by Wilcoxon signed rank test. B, Peanut-specific CD8+ T cells are increased in peanut-allergic individuals in comparison to peanut-tolerant individuals. Left: PBMCs from 16 peanut-allergic and 16 peanut-tolerant individuals were incubated with or without peanut protein at 100 μg/mL for 3 days. Mass cytometry was then used to measure the percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing the activation marker CD25. Each pair of points connected by a line represents 1 individual. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to calculate P values for paired media versus peanut protein incubation experiments using PBMCs from the same individuals. The Mann-Whitney test was used to calculate P values for unpaired PBMCs incubated with peanut protein from either peanut-allergic individuals or peanut-tolerant negative control subjects. Right: Example mass cytometry plots gated on CD8+ T cells showing activation by peanut protein for 1 peanut-allergic individual. Percent of activated CD8+ T cells, based on CD25 expression, is shown within each gate. C, CD8+ T cells activated by peanut protein in peanut-allergic individuals express the TH2 chemokine receptor CCR4. Left: PBMCs from 16 peanut-allergic and 16 peanut-tolerant individuals were incubated as in Fig 1, B. Mass cytometry was then used to measure the percentage of CD25+CD8+ T cells expressing CCR4. Each pair of points connected by a line represents 1 individual. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to calculate P values for paired media versus peanut protein incubation experiments using PBMCs from the same individuals. The Mann-Whitney test was used to calculate P values for unpaired PBMCs incubated with peanut protein from either peanut-allergic individuals or peanut-tolerant negative control subjects. Right: Example mass cytometry plots gated on CD8+ T cells showing CCR4 expression in CD25+CD8+ T cells activated by peanut protein for 1 peanut-allergic individual. Percent of CCR4+CD25+CD8+ T cells, with or without peanut protein stimulation, is shown within each gate. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2019 143, 1948-1952DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.011) Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 A, Pooled, peanut-derived peptides activate CD8+ T cells from peanut-allergic individuals. Top: Example flow cytometry plots gated on CD8+ T cells from 1 of 15 HLA-A*02:01+ peanut-allergic subjects whose PBMCs were incubated up to 1 week with media and anti-CD28 antibody (1-5 μg/mL), ± pools of 6 to 21 peanut peptides (each at 1 μg/mL) predicted to bind HLA-A*02:01. Percent of activated CD8+ T cells within each gate is shown. Bottom: Violin plots showing that pooled peanut peptide increases the percentage of activated CD25+CD38+CD8+ T cells in PBMCs from over half of the 15 peanut-allergic, HLA-A*02:01+ subjects tested. Each pair of points connected by a line represents 1 individual. Orange points represent the 3 subjects whose PBMCs were used in Fig 2, B. P values calculated by Wilcoxon signed rank test. B, Summary of in vitro cloning and expansion of CD8+ T cells activated by pooled peanut peptides. PBMCs from peanut-allergic individuals were activated as in Fig 2, A. Activated CD8+ T cells were then single cell sorted into individual wells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and expanded in vitro in the presence of mixed, irradiated PBMC feeder cells, PHA, and IL-2 (50 U/mL). Expanded T-cell clones were retested for recognition of the same pool of peanut peptides by the CD107 mobilization assay. C, CD8+ T-cell clones from peanut-allergic subjects differentiate between specific peanut peptides. Example flow cytometry plots of the CD107 mobilization assay for 1 T-cell clone from subject III showing TCR recognition of peptide from 1 of 3 peptide pools (top), followed by a subsequent round of screening showing TCR recognition of a single peptide (bottom). Clones are CD8+CD3+CD4−γδTCR−. Peptide numbers separated by a colon indicate the starting and ending amino acid position of the peptide within the parent Ara h 1 sequence. D, A single peanut peptide activates CD8+ T cells from a peanut-allergic subject. A fresh aliquot of PBMCs from peanut-allergic subject III was incubated with anti-CD28 antibody ± peanut peptide 293:301 (see Fig 2, B and C). Flow cytometry plots gated on CD8+ T cells show an increase in CD8+ T-cell activation based on CD25 and CD38 expression in the presence of peanut peptide 293:301. Percent of activated CD8+ T cells within each gate is shown. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2019 143, 1948-1952DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.011) Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions