What is the purpose of this car battery? If the battery is drained of energy, can it ever again supply energy? What part of your cell provides energy for your body?

A. Cellular Respiration 1. HETEROTROPHS and AUTOTROPHS obtain energy by CELLULAR RESPIRATION – process which breaks down glucose and uses the energy to make ATP. A. Cellular Respiration

Thinking question: What is the chemical equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS Thinking question: What is the chemical equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS? Thinking question: What ingredients are required for CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

2. The chemical equation of CELLULAR RESPIRATION is and has three main parts: a. GLYCOLYSIS is the splitting of the GLUCOSE molecule to form ATP and electron carriers GLUCOSE

b. THE KREBS CYCLE uses electrons from GLUCOSE to make ATP and electron carriers c. The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN makes most of the ATP.

1. GLYCOLYSIS is the first step in cellular respiration. a 1. GLYCOLYSIS is the first step in cellular respiration. a. An organism must consume food to get GLUCOSE. B. Glycolysis

b. In the cytoplasm, GLUCOSE breaks down into two smaller molecules known as PYRUVATE

c. GLYCOLYSIS produces 4 ATP molecules, but only 2 net ATPs c. GLYCOLYSIS produces 4 ATP molecules, but only 2 net ATPs. It’s an ANAEROBIC process - it doesn’t require oxygen.

1. If oxygen is available, the 2 ATP and 2 PYRUVATE molecules are transported into a space in the MITOCHONDRIA called the MATRIX. C. Krebs Cycle

2. During the KREBS CYCLE, PYRUVATE is broken down into CO2 (waste) 2. During the KREBS CYCLE, PYRUVATE is broken down into CO2 (waste). Per molecule of pyruvate, 1 ATP, 4 NADH and 1 FADH2 are produced

a. The KREBS CYCLE is an AEROBIC process – it requires oxygen. b a. The KREBS CYCLE is an AEROBIC process – it requires oxygen. b. CoA is added to pyruvate to form Acetyl CoA c. a series of reactions harvests electrons to form NADH and FADH2 d. CO2 is a waste product

D. Electron Transport Chain 1. The energy molecules (ATP, NADH, FADH2) from the KREBS CYCLE break down and release electrons, which move along the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL membrane. D. Electron Transport Chain

a. Approximately 32 ATP molecules are made during the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN.

D. Anaerobic Resipration 1. Some HETEROTROPHS don’t use oxygen. They undergo ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION. 2. ANAEROBIC organisms still begin respiration with GLYCOLYSIS. D. Anaerobic Resipration

3. The next step is FERMENTATION a. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION - PYRUVATE is broken down into LACTIC ACID. This happens during vigorous exercise. (why muscles hurt)

b. ALCOHOL FERMENTATION - PYRUVATE is broken down into ethyl alcohol and CO2. This happens in yeast and bacteria.

E. Respiration and Photosynthesis 1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS and RESPIRATION are related: the products of one are the reactants of the other. E. Respiration and Photosynthesis

The Mighty Mitochondria