Developing Policies for Climate Resilient Urban Plans and Design Legazpi City Coaching and Mentoring Workshop 2 May 2019

Session Objectives To provide inputs on developing the Legazpi City Climate Resilient Urban Design Guidelines Review existing policies/local legislation relative to CCA To assess the adaptation strategy and policy framework vis-à-vis proposed CLUP and ZO   Brainstorm on elements and contents of the Legazpi City Climate Resilient Urban Design Guidelines

The BCRUPD thrust National Provincial Climate Resilient Urban Plans and Design Policies National Provincial City Neighborhood Site Urban Planning and Design Principles Climate Adaptation Principles

Deciding on Adaptation Actions What then is your objective? Minimize / reduce / retreat from / transfer / share / absorb / avoid all or only part of the expected or observed impacts; Return levels of human well-being to pre-climate change levels; Maintain current levels of risk or as a minimum reduce them cost- effectively within agreed budgets or pre-defined acceptable levels (sample question from UNFCCC NWP assessing costs and benefits of adaptation options, 2011)

Climate Risk Management Climate risk management involves a systematic approach to use climate information and practice of considering climate- related trends and events in development decision-making to cope with climate change and minimize potential harm (UNISDR, 2008)

Urban Plans and Design tools/methods within the Rationalized Planning Process in the Philippines CVDRA and LCCAP PPDFP, CLUP-ZO, CDP CLUP-ZO, CDP, BLUP, Transport Plan Site Development Plan, Project Document

UPD: Process and Design Principles Research and Analysis Participation and Engagement Awareness Raising Planning and Design Implementation Process is as important as the resulting design All starts with having a clear set of principles that would frame the climate resilient urban plans and design Ultimate guiding principle is still Sustainable Development that brings about: Social inclusion, Economic vitality and prosperity, and Environmental protection and conservation “Design Principles are used to help identify what is special about a place and what needs fixing”* Process = Values and Principles Actual Design = Realization “help avoid developing visions for towns and cities that will never be built, or good processes that result in poor built environment”* *Source: Design Guide for Urban New Zealand How does the need for climate change resilience fit in? What scale? Which part?

Promotes climate change and disaster risk resilience

Promoting Climate Resilience thru Urban Plans and Design Statutory and non-statutory tools and instruments (NZ example) Process = Values and Principles Actual Design = Realization

Climate Resilient Design Guide “Statutory design guides, often called ‘design criteria’, have legal status and provide explicit criteria for assessing the quality of design outcomes. These guides should contain explanations and/or illustrations to demonstrate the context and rationale for design principles. They should also include design objectives to clarify the intent of the guidelines and allow for flexibility in the design approach”. “Non-statutory design guides are used for education and advocacy and, when combined with promotion, can be an effective means of distributing information on quality design. Because there is no compulsion for a developer or designer to consider a non-statutory design guide, it will be most effective when the majority of users are persuaded that it is in their interests to follow the guide. It should be attractively presented, use accessible language and graphics, and be supported by ongoing promotion”. “Design Guides are powerful means to promote and achieve climate resilience when it is informed with and uses climate information” Site- or area-specific design guides are also used by private developers and can take the form of a design code, pattern book or covenant where they are implemented by means of a legal agreement or covenant. __________________________________________________ Source: NZ urban design toolkit third edition

Climate Resiliency Design Guide/Guidelines Can provide directions, but still allow for creativity and flexibility “Will establish the aim of the design quality and create a framework within which good quality architecture and design can flourish (CABE 2008)” Incorporated into CLUP and ZO or adopted as a stand alone provision (to supplement the ZO) Translating the vision, goals and objectives into ideas for the evolution of 3- dimensional physical form of the urban-rural continuum Could include specific instructions/specifications and recommendations Building specifications (height, dimensions etc for UHI and EE); open spaces as resilience- building spaces; dimension and materials for streets for thermal and precipitation issues;

Cases and Examples Hong-Kong (Study and Urban Design Guideline)

HK Urban Design Guidelines To promote Hong Kong’s image as a world-class city and to enhance the quality of our built environment, the Planning Department completed a study on the “Urban Design Guidelines for Hong Kong” (the UDG Study) in 2003 and the “Feasibility Study for Establishment of Air Ventilation Assessment System” (the AVA Study) in 2005. Formulated on the basis of the findings and recommendations of the above two Studies, the urban design guidelines in this chapter cover both the major general urban design issues and air ventilation to shape a better physical environment in aesthetic and functional terms and at macro and micro levels.

Specific Urban Design Issues: Massing and Intensity in Urban Fringe Areas and Rural Areas

Specific Urban Design Issues: Development Height Profile

Specific Urban Design Issues: Development Height Profile

Specific Urban Design Issues: Waterfront Sites The Town Planning Board’s vision statement for the Victoria Harbour is to make Victoria Harbour attractive, vibrant, accessible and symbolic of Hong Kong, to make it a harbor for the people and of life. The urban design goals would be to: bring the people to the Harbour and the Harbour to the people; enhance the scenic views of the Harbour and maintain visual access to the harbour-front; enhance the Harbour as a unique attraction for our people and tourists; and create a quality harbour-front through encouraging innovative building design and a variety of tourist, retail, leisure and recreational activities, and providing an integrated network of open space and pedestrian links.

Specific Urban Design Issues: Waterfront Sites

Specific Urban Design Issues: Public Realm - Streets

Specific Urban Design Issues: Air Ventilation

Cases and Examples New York (city-level)

“The Guidelines recommend that project designers consider the two aspects of the relationship between their project and increasing heat: the way their project increases or reduces the Urban Heat Island effect the impact that rising average temperatures and increased frequency of extreme heat days will have on the physical components or on the operations of the facility itself

NYC Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines Urban Heat Island effect Reduction Increase the solar reflectance of surfaces by utilizing light-colored pavement, coatings and materials, in combination with shading, with a minimum target of 50% of the non-structure areas of facility sites New buildings, as well as existing buildings undergoing a roof membrane replacement, are required by law to utilize materials with high reflectance and emittance factors Increase the shading of surfaces by planting trees or other vegetation, in combination with cool pavements, with a minimum target of 50% of the non-structure areas of facility sites NYC is currently in ASHRAE Climate Zone 4. NYC already requires that small residential building envelopes are designed to meet higher insulation and fenestration requirements to improve energy efficiency.21 All City capital projects, including non-residential facilities, should meet the Climate Zone 6 standard.

NYC Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines Select green/blue roofs and/or other appropriate landscape elements that maximize cooling with input from landscape architects Projects should integrate cooling strategies listed below based on project scope and a balance between costs and benefits: Green roofs or blue roofs on a broader range of facilities (including industrial buildings, storage, garages, administration buildings, etc.) Vegetated structures, such as shade trees and planters (to reduce heat loading on horizontal or vertical surfaces). Bioswales, rain gardens, and bioretention Maximized planted permeable surfaces. Other permeable surfaces (used for stormwater management, these retain moisture that evaporates as surface temperatures rise) Open-grid pavement system (at least 50% unbound) Evaluate site planning and building massing with regard to solar gain. Solar panels for shading and generating energy.

NYC Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines Sea-Level Rise Assess tidal inundation due to sea level rise Address risks in the current floodplain

NYC Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines Sea-Level Rise Address risks in the future floodplain Determine if the facility site will be in the future floodplain If the site is not in the future floodplain, no flood protection is required for this facility. - OR - If the site is in the future floodplain, identify the nearest adjacent BFE at the project site in the current 1% annual chance floodplain (PFIRM 2015) using the Flood Hazard Mapper. Identify appropriate design interventions

Cases and Examples Surprise!

The Legazpi City Case

“CC will influence change in the Form and Design of What change in climate is projected to happen? When? Who and what will be affected? Where? Why? What are their/its existing capacities that help to withstand the change? Do you increase the same capacities? Do you need new capacities to adapt and act? Doing so would help them understand What change is projected to happen, when? (exposure) Who and what will be affected? Where? Why? (Sensitivity) What do they have to withstand the change? Increase the same capacity? Or new capacities? At what level are this capacities needed? (individual, organizationa/institutional? Spatial? “CC will influence change in the Form and Design of Urban Areas and Human Settlements”

Proposed zoning

Review. How far has the adaptation strategy informed the CLUP and ZO Review. How far has the adaptation strategy informed the CLUP and ZO? The CDP? Are there gaps? What measures can address these gaps? Assess. Are there conflicts and tradeoffs between CC actions? CC and other development actions? What possible technical and/or policy adjustments are required in such cases? Explore. What design measures, requirements, standards or guidelines in each zone or policy area would enable or support your CC actions and must be contained in the Legazpi Climate Resilient Urban Design Guide? Discuss. Map. Matrix. Area Specific CC-related design issue (multidimensional) Design strategy What to promote What to avoid Specific actions North Southeast Near South Urban

Thank you!