SKIN NEOPLASM (OVERVIEW) M. RUSTOM Plastic Surgeon

CATEGORIES OF SKIN TUMOURS BENIGN TUMOURS PRE MALIGNANT MALIGNANT TUMOURS

BENIGN TUMOURS ( LESIONS ) BASAL CELL PAPILLOMAS PAPILLARY WART FRECKLE LENTIGO NAEVI/MOLES HALO NAVUS CAFÉ AU LAIT SPOTS

BASAL CELL PAPILLOMA SOFT WARTY LESIONS,PIGMENTED AND HYPERKERATOTIC IN BASAL LAYER PAPILLARY WART BENIGN SKIN TUMOURS HPV FRECKLE NORMAL NUMBER OF MELANOCYTES WITH INCREASE PRODUCTION

LENTIGO SHARPLY CIRCOMSCRIBED PIGMENTED MACULES MAY AT TIMES ASSOCIATED WITH PEUTZ JEGHERS SYNDROME MOLES/NAEVUS MOLES/NAEVUS ARE LAYERED OR AGGREGATES OF MELONICYTES IN EPIDERMIS

BASAL CELL PAPILLOMAS

PAPILLARY WART

LENTIGO

NAEVIMOLES

HALO NAVUS

CAFÉ AU LAIT SPOTS -Autosomal dominant -phyoChromocytoma

PREMALIGNANT LESIONS ACTINIC KERTOSES CUTANEOUS HORN KERATOACANTHAOMA BOWENS DISEASE EXTRA MAMMARY PAGETS DISEASE GIANT HAIRY NAEVUS DYSPLASTIC NAEVUS

ACTINIC KERATOSES CUTANEOUS HORN KERATOACANTHOMA DYSKERATOSIS WITH CELLULAR ATYPIA 20% SCC CUTANEOUS HORN CUTANEOUS ACCUMULATION (HEIGHT GREATER THAN BASE) 10% SCC KERATOACANTHOMA CUP SHAPED GROWTH PLUG OF KERATIN M>F,50-70 YR ,ON FACE. PAPPILLOMA VIRUS,SMOKING ,CHEMICAL CARCINOGENIC SURGICAL EXCISION

ACTINIC KERATOSES

KERATOACANTHOMA

BOWENS DISEASE SCC IN SITU CHRONIC SOLAR DAMAGE,ARSENIC EXPOSURE ,HPV 16 SLOW ENLARGINGERYTHMATOUS PATCH OR PLAGUE TOPICAL THERAPY 5 –FLUOROURACIL SURGICAL EXCISION (4MM MARGINS ) MOHS MICROSCOPIC SURGERY EXTRAMMARY PAGETS DISEASE INTRA DERMAL ADENOCARCINOMA GENITAL OR PERIANAL REGIONS OR AXILLA SURGICAL EXCISION

BOWENS DISEASE

EXTRAMMARY PAGETS DISEASE

GIANT CONGINATAL PIGMENTED NAEVUS GCPNS PRECURSORS FOR MM MORE LIKELY WITH AXIAL LESIONS RETROPERITONEAL OR INTRACRANIAL LESIONS MULTIDICSIPILANARY MANAGEMENT PERINATAL CURETTAGE,DERMAABRASION,LASER RESURFACING, SURGICAL EXCISION WITH SKIN GRAFTS DYSPLASTIC NAEVUS IRREGULAR PROLIFERATIONS ATYPICAL MELANOCYTES AT BASAL LAYER OF EPIDERMIS

GIANT CONGINATAL PIGMENTED NAEVUS

DYSPLASTIC NAEVUS

MALIGNANT LESION BASAL CELL CARCINOMA SUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA MALIGNANT MELANOMA

ACTINIC SOLAR KREATOSIS 20% S CC CUTANEOUS HORN 10”% SCC KERATOACHANTHOMA SCC BOWENS DISEASE 3-11% SCC EXTRA MAMMARY PAGETS GIANT CONGENITAL PIMEMENTD NAEVUS 25% SCC 3-5% MM

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA EPIDEMIOLOGY PATHOGENESIS MACROSCOPIC APPEARANCE SLOW GROWING LOCALLY INVASIVE MALIGNANT TUMOUR PLURIPOTENT EPITHELIAL CELLS UVR IS STRONGEST PREDISPOSING FACTOR OTHERS MAY BEARSENICAL COMPOUNDS,COAL TAR,AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 90%LESION ON FACE ABOVE A LINE FROM THE LOBE OF THE EAR TO THE CORNER OF MOUTH WHITE SKIN 40-80 YRS M>F PATHOGENESIS SLOW GROWING PROPOTIANTE TO DOSE OF CARCINOGEN RARLY METASTISE HARD TO CULTURE MACROSCOPIC APPEARANCE NODULAR NODULOCYSTIC CYSTIC MICROSCOPIOC APPEAREANCE OVOID CELLS IN NEST WITH SINGLE OUTER PALISADING LAYER

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Nodular BCC Chronic lesion Easy bleeding Pearly border Surface telangiectasias Head and neck, trunk, and extremities

PROGNOSIS HIGH RISK GROUPS >2CM NEAR EAR NOSE OR EYE ILL DEFIND MARGINS RECURRENT TUMOURS IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

MANAGEMENT SURGICAL EXCISION MOHS MICROSCOPIC SURGERY NON SURGICAL RADIOTHERAPY TOPICAL 5-FLUROURASIL

MANAGEMENT SURGICAL EXCISION MOHS MICROSCOPIC SURGERY NON SURGICAL RADIOTHERAPY TOPICAL 5-FLUROURASIL

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA EPIDEMIOLOGY MALIGNANT TUMOUR OF KERATINISING CELLS OF EPIDERMIS OR ITS APPENDAGES SECOND MOST COMMON TUMOUR WHITE SKIN ELDERLY MEN WITH CUMULATIVE SUN EXPOSURE ALSO ASSOCIATED CHRONIC INFLAMMATION(SINUS TRACTS , PREEXISTING SCARS ,OSTEOMYLETIS,BURNS,IMMUNOSUPPRESION,MARJOLINS )2% METASTASIS 20% RECURRENCE MACROSCOPIC EVERTED EDGES WITH INFLAMMED SKIN SMOOTH NODULAR,VERROCOUS PAPILLOMATOUS ULCERATING MICROSCOPIC IRREGULAR MASSES OF SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM CELLULAR MORPHOLOGY,BRODERS GRADE ,DEPTH OF INVASIONPERINEURAL OR VASCULAR INVASION

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

PROGNOSIS INVASION>6CM HISTOLOGICAL GRADE HIGHER THE BRODER GRADE SITE LIPS AND EARS HAVE HIGH LEVEL OF RECURRENCE AEITOLOGY IMMUNOSUPPRESION

MANAGEMENT DEFINTE TREATMENT SURGICAL LOUPE EXCISION(4MM CLEARANCE MARGIN IF <2 AND 1CM MARGIN >2CM LESIONS ) DISTAL METSTASIS LYMPHATIC METSTASIS

MALIGNANT MALENOMA EPIDEMIOLOGY MM IS CANCER MELNOCYTES MM ACCOUNTS FOR 5% OF SKIN MALIGNANCY INCREASES UVR EXPOSURE 3%OF ALL MALIGNANCYS 7%OCCULT METASTASIS

RISK FACTORS: XERODERMAPIGMENTOSUM PAST MEDICAL OR FAMILY HISTORY HIGH NUMBER OF NAEVI TENDENCY TO FRECKLE GCPN DYSPLASTIC NAEVUS IMMUNOCOMPROMISED MACROSCOPIC APPEANRANCE SUPERFICIAL SPREADING MELANOMA75% NODULAR MELANOMA 15% LENTIGO MALIGNA MELANOMA5-10% ACRAL LENTIGIOUS MELANOMA2-8% FEATURES IN NAEVI SUGGESTING MM CHANGE IN SIZE ,SHAPE COLOUR ,ITCHING,SATELLITE LESIONS BLOOD SUPPLY

Clinical types- MM Superficial spreading melanoma Lentigo maligna melanoma Acral lentiginous melanoma Nodular melanoma

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

ABCD of Melanoma Asymmetry Border irregularity Color variegation Diameter >6mm

STAGING OF MM : AJC STAGING BRESLOWS THICKNESS GRADE

Prognostic features- MM Good prognosis Breslow < 1mm Intermediate prognosis Breslow 1-4mm Bad prognosis Breslow >4mm

MANAGEMENT HISTORY /CLINICAL EXMINATION SKIN BIOPSY SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY LOCAL TREAMENT REGIONAL LYMPH NODES

PROGNOSIS : TUMOUR THICKNESS LYMPH NODES DISTANT METSTASIS