Community Organization Models and Approaches

Models of Community Organisation What is Model? It is a medium through which a person looks at the complex realities. Models serve as a reference for the work. Describes strategies for accomplishing a vision. Rothman has given three models of CO: Locality Development Model Social Planning Model Social Action Model

Locality Development Model Goal Category: Self Help Community Integration. Enhance community capacity to solve problems. Assumptions: Community lack viable relationships. Lack of problem solving capacity. Traditional static community. Basic Change Strategy: Broad based community participation in determining and problem solving.

Locality Development Model - cont. Change Tactics and Techniques: Consensus Communication Group Discussion Practitioner Roles of Social Worker: Enabler Coordinator Catalyst Problem solver

Social Planning Model Goal Category: Problem solving with regard to substantive community problems. Assumptions: Substantive social problems in employment, housing, health etc. Basic Change Strategy: Fact gathering about problems. Change Tactics and Techniques: Consensus or conflict Practitioner Roles of Social Worker: Fact-finder and analyst, Program implementers, Facilitator

Social Action Model Goal Category: Shifting of power and resources Basic institutional change Assumptions: Disadvantaged population Social injustice Deprivation Inequity Basic Change Strategy: Crystallization of issues and organization of people to take action against enemy targets.

Social Action Model - cont. Change Tactics and Techniques: Conflict or Contest Confrontation Direct Action Negotiation Practitioner Roles of Social Worker: Activist-Advocate Broker

Approaches in Community Organisation Neighborhood Development Approach System Change Approach Structural Change Approach

Neighborhood Development Approach Oldest Model in Community Organization which is mainly practiced in India and other underdeveloped countries for sensitize communities and making them self-reliant, based on value of self- sustenance. Tasks: Identifying the geographical area for your intervention Making our way to the community Understand the community and identify the felt needs. Making an appropriate program. Planning for resource mobilization. Developing a strong net-work in the community. Planning for withdrawal from the community

System Change Approach It restructure or modify the system while believing that major social services are rooted in various systems and sometimes system becomes dysfunctional. Tasks: Understanding of deficiencies. Communicating findings. Making strategies to influence the decision making. Mobilizing peoples’ participation. Alliances and partnerships.

Structural Change Approach A rare practiced model of Community Work which believes that society consists of systems. This approach can also be linked to the Political Ideology. Tasks: Understanding macro- and micro social realities. An alternative political ideology. Helping the communities to identify a course of action

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