Volume 82, Issue 3, Pages (August 2012)

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Volume 82, Issue 3, Pages 352-359 (August 2012) Higher mortality among remote compared to rural or urban dwelling hemodialysis patients in the United States Stephanie Thompson, John Gill, Xiaoming Wang, Raj Padwal, Rick Pelletier, Aminu Bello, Scott Klarenbach, Marcello Tonelli Kidney International Volume 82, Issue 3, Pages 352-359 (August 2012) DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.167 Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The figure shows the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with the likelihood of mortality by distance to the closest hemodialysis center (all compared with the referent group of those living within 10 miles). Models are censored at the time of kidney transplantation and adjusted for patient age, gender, race, cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), diabetic status, median within-neighborhood household income, insurance status, current smoking status, ambulatory status, comorbid conditions (coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alcohol or drug dependence), body mass index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate at dialysis initiation. Tests for interaction were significant at P<0.0001 for age, race, insurance status, median annual income, cause of ESRD, and at P=0.0149 for diabetic status. Kidney International 2012 82, 352-359DOI: (10.1038/ki.2012.167) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions