Unit 1 Encyclopaedias Grammar

A. some and any We use some and any to talk about amounts. 我们通常用some / any 来描述数量 some apples some milk some bread

不定代词的用法 some 修饰肯定句；句中通常用somebody, someone, something 这些限定代词来描述人 和事。 any 修饰否定句或者疑问句；句中通常用 anybody, anyone, anything 这些限定代词 来描述人和事。

I have some questions about dinosaurs. She does not have any questions about dinosaurs. Do they have any questions about dinosaurs? Yes, they have some questions about dinosaurs. Work out the rule We use some and any before (plural / singular) countable nouns and uncountable nouns. We usually use (some / any ) in positive statements. We usually use (some / any ) in negative statements and questions.

Things to remember We also use some in questions when we expect the answer to be “yes”. e.g. May I have some noodles? Would you like some tea?

A1 Wendy and her mother are checking what food to buy A1 Wendy and her mother are checking what food to buy. Look at the shopping list and the picture. Then ask and answer questions in pairs. Follow the example. Shopping list apples milk bread noodles coffee orange juice eggs potatoes

apples bread Mum : Do we have any apples? Wendy : Yes, we have some apples. Mum : Do we have any bread? Wendy : No, we don’t have any bread.

coffee eggs Mum : Do we have any coffee? Wendy : No, we don’t have any coffee. Mum : Do we have any eggs? Wendy : No, we don’t have any eggs.

milk noodles Mum : Do we have any milk? Wendy : Yes, we have some milk. Mum : Do we have any noodles? Wendy : No, we don’t have any noodles.

orange juice potatoes Mum : Do we have any orange juice? Wendy : Yes, we have some orange juice. Mum : Do we have any potatoes? Wendy : Yes, we have some potatoes.

A2 Later Wendy wrote a note for her father. Complete it with some or any, and other words if necessary. Hi Dad, I checked the fridge with Mum. We have ______________, __________, _______________ and _____________. However, we don’t have ___________, __________, __________ or _________. Wendy some apples some milk some orange juice some potatoes any bread any coffee any eggs any noodles

选用some或any填空。 1. I want to buy _____ pears. some 2. I don’t eat _____ meat. 3. Let’s go out for _____ fresh air. 4. There isn’t _____ milk in the bottle. 5. May I ask you _____ questions, Mr White? some any some any some

some any any any any some some 6. Would you like _____ coffee? 7. He seldom got _____ plans. 8. — Is there _____ vegetables in the fridge? — No, there isn’t _____. 9. — Do you have _____ colour pens? — Yes, we have _____. 10. Could you please buy me _____ new notebooks? any any any any some some

B. somebody, anybody, nobody I saw somebody / someone / something. I did not see anybody / anyone / anything. Did you see anybody /anyone / anything? I saw nobody / no one / nothing. Work out the rule We use (some- / any-) in positive statements, and (some- / any-) in negative statements and questions.

Things to remember somebody = someone anybody = anyone nobody = no one We can form negative statements in two ways. There is not anybody in the room. There is nobody in the room. We write no one as two words. Somebody, anybody, nobody,etc are singular.

Look at the picture below for one minute Look at the picture below for one minute. Try to remember where everything and everybody is. Then cover the picture and ask and answer questions in pairs. Follow the examples.

1. Is there anything on the blackbooard? S1: Is there anything on the blackborad? S2: No, there's nothing / there isn't anything on the blackboard. 2. Is there anything on the noticeboard? S1: Is there anything on the noticeboard? S2: Yes, there's something on the noticeboard.

3. Is there anything above the teacher? 4. Is there anybody by the window? No, there's nothing/ there isn't anything above the teacher. Yes, there's someone / somebody by the window.

No, there's nothing / there isn't anything under the teacher’s desk. 5. Is there anything under the teacher's desk? 6. Is there anyone behind the teacher? No, there's nothing / there isn't anything under the teacher’s desk. No, there's nobody /no one behind the teacher.

7. Is there anything on the bookcase? 8. Is there anyone next to the piano? Yes, there's something on the bookcase. Yes, there's someone / somebody next to the piano.

Language points Is there anything on the blackboard? 黑板上有什么东西吗？ Is there anything above the teacher? 老师的上方有什么东西吗？ on和above都有“在……之上”的意思，但 above一般指位置高于某人或某物，不一定 在正上方，也不接触另一物。而on表示在 物体上，强调两物相接触。 例如：

1. 这条河上有两座桥。 There are two bridges above the river. 2. 我的伞在那张椅子上。 My umbrella is on the chair.

Exercises ( ) 1. I couldn’t think of _____ about this topic. A. anything new B. new anything C. something new D. new something ( ) 2. These days I am very happy because everything _____ well. A. go B. goes C. are going D. was going ( ) 3. There is _____ bread in the kitchen. Would you like _____? A. any; some B. any; any C. some; any D. some; some A B D

( ) 4. — Who is in the shop now? — _____. The shop is locked and it is empty now. A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody ( ) 5. Let’s ask _____ to help us find the way. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one C A

Homework 1. 复习some和any; somebody, anybody和 nobody的用法； 2. 完成《练习册》第三至四页Grammar A的练习； 3. 完成 《练习册》第四至五页Grammar B，C的练习。