Pregnancy and Child Birth The biggest decision of your life. What is the hardest part about having your baby/egg?

So you think you are pregnant? How do you know? -Swollen or tender breasts -Extremely tired or fatigued -Nausea or sickness -Headaches -Frequent Urination -Missed Period What do you do? -Purchase a pregnancy test -Urinate onto the test strip -Check results according to test At-Home Tests are most accurate beginning 5 days after your expected period date…taking it too early could result in a false negative.

Even very faint lines indicate a pregnancy… HCG, the pregnancy hormone, is beginning to be produced in the woman’s body two weeks after fertilization Pregnancy tests are testing for levels of HCG in the urine, which is why if taken too early a false negative may result If Positive…See your doctor right away and stop all harmful habits. Doctor will perform internal exam to confirm. If Negative, wait a few days and retest to be 100% positive. Even very faint lines indicate a pregnancy…

How did this happen??? Activity: Get into groups. Arrange the following Pregnancy Vocabulary terms in in the correct order of development. When all members of your group agree, have one member write the correct order on the board. -Embryo -Umbilical Cord -Fertilization -Blastocyst -Placenta -Zygote -Amniotic Sac

Fertilization Zygote Blastocyst Embryo Amniotic Sac Placenta Umbilical Cord Can I have some volunteers to act out the prenatal development process with me?

What happens when someone gets pregnant? Ovulation: The release of a mature egg once a month… Fertilization: The joining of the sperm and the egg (ovum)… Zygote: A fertilized ovum. 4. Blastocyst: What a zygote becomes after division and in the uterus, a ball of cells.

5. Embryo: After the blastocyst attaches itself to the thick uterine lining, it becomes an embryo. 6. Amniotic Sac: A special membrane becomes a fluid-filled sac that surrounds the embryo.

7. Placenta: -Supplies nutrients, oxygen and hormones to the baby -Removes waste and carbon dioxide -Allows the baby to eat, breathe and grow

8. Umbilical Cord: Rope-like structure that connects the placenta to the embryo and: -Delivers oxygen and nutrients -Removes carbon dioxide and waste

Is it a Girl or Boy? Both the ovum and the sperm contribute a set of 23 chromosomes, thus humans have 23 pairs (or 46) chromosomes. One pair is sex chromosomes, and a human being gets 1 from the sperm and 1 from the egg. X = Female sex chromosome Y = Male sex chromosome Sperm can carry X or Y Ova always have X XX = Female gender XY = Male gender

What will he/she look like? The 23 pairs of chromosomes are made up of genes. Genes: Units of heredity that determine which traits offspring inherit from their parents. Examples: Eye color, hair color, height, etc.

Fetal Development Now that you know how the embryo is created, let’s take a closer look at the what happens during fetal development… But what do you already know???

Activity: Weeks 1-9 Weeks 10-14 Weeks 15-20 Weeks 21-27 Weeks 28-37 stages of development Activity: Weeks 1-9 Weeks 10-14 Weeks 15-20 Weeks 21-27 Weeks 28-37

The stages of development… Month One -Implantation occurs -Sex established -Embryo is 2mm long -DNA determined

Month Two -Heart is formed -Arms and legs are formed -Brain formed -1/2 inch long

Month Three -Arms and legs can move -Muscles start to develop -Heartbeat detectable -3 inches long

Month Four -Hair and Teeth Form -Movement felt by mother -Sex is detectable -6 inches long

Month Five -Fingerprints developed -Ears and hearing -Eyebrows and eyelashes forming -8 inches long

Month Six and Seven -Immune System Developing -Eyes open and close -Crying occurs -11 inches long

Months Eight and Nine -Limited Development -Sleeps most of the time -19 to 21 inches (normal) -7 to 8 pounds (normal)

So when does life begin???

Unfortunately, all woman do not have an easy and typical pregnancy… Many things may go wrong or abnormally during pregnancy that can be very difficult for the parents.

Something went wrong Miscarriage: When an unexpected event causes the embryo to die, generally during the first three months of pregnancy. Can be caused by drugs, infections, smoking or for no explained reason at all. A heavy period with intense pain and bleeding will signify a possible miscarriage…seek medical help immediately. Current Miscarriage rate: 15% to 20%

Premature Birth -Occurs at least 3 weeks before mother’s due date -More common with twins, triplets, etc. -Trouble breathing due to underdeveloped respiratory system -Dangerously low body temperature due to low body fat -Susceptible to infections due to underdeveloped immune system -Babies need incubation and respirators to continue developing

Identical Twins… Something Abnormal… -One egg is released and fertilized, but divides into 2. -Both embryos in one amniotic sac

Fraternal Twins in the Uterus…

Identical Twins in the Uterus…

Trouble Getting Pregnant When couples are struggling to conceive, many methods to increase the chance of conception can be tried using medicines and a doctor’s help… With these methods, the chance for twins increase dramatically…

Artificial Insemination: -Used when the man or woman is infertile -Sperm are directly inserted into the cervix, fallopian tube, or uterus -Allows sperm to survive longer with a better chance or pregnancy

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) -Fertilization occurs outside the body -First successful in 1978 -Egg and Sperm joined outside the body in a lab -Once an embryo forms, it is placed back in the uterus -Extremely invasive and expensive process with low success rates -Used with low sperm counts, infertility or ovulation problems

You have a project to do! THE TASK: Produce material promoting healthy fetal development. 1. Choose one of the following to create:  Poster  Pamphlet  Online Video 2. Choose one of the following audiences:  A pregnant mother  A father or partner to an unborn baby  A family member of someone pregnant  3. Choose one or more of the following topics:  Things to avoid when pregnant  What a pregnant mother can do to have a healthy pregnancy  What a father or partner of an unborn baby can do to help  What a family member of someone pregnant can do to help 4. Brainstorm your ideas and plan the layout/design of your poster, pamphlet or video. 5. Develop a finished product.