End of the Cold War.

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Presentation transcript:

End of the Cold War

Period of Détente (1962-1979) Period of lessening tension between the US and USSR After Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Ends with Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979) Characteristics: Hotline between White House/Kremlin Recognized borders of Europe Limiting Arms Race Trade between superpowers

End of Détente Two main reasons: SALT and Afghanistan Soviets did not reduce nuclear arms after 1st meeting Invade Afghanistan during peace talks U.S. doesn’t sign SALT II in protest President Reagan ushers era of neo-conservatism

Gorbachev’s Changes Soviet Union = declining economy and widespread social issues Election of Mikhail Gorbachev- 1985 changed Soviet policy Perestroika (restructuring)- limited free market for consumers Glasnost (openness)- encouraged citizens to openly discuss problems with the gov’t

Gorbachev’s Changes Reduced arms with U.S.; relations improving Stopped providing military support to satellite states States begin revolting with Gorbachev’s new foreign policy Most significant event: Fall of the Berlin Wall Early appeals to remove wall ignored Growing resentment of division in E. Germany; widespread protest expand after fall of communism in Poland Nov 1989- travel restrictions lifted and demolition begins

Revolutions in E. Europe Poland Trade union called Solidarity fought for workers rights Support from Catholic Church (1st Polish Pope) 1988- 1st democratic elections in 40 years

Revolutions in E. Europe Czechoslovakia Violent suppression of reform in 1968 Mass demonstrations in 1988/89 Communist gov’t falls in Dec. 1989 Slovakians and Czechs agree to peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Revolutions in E. Europe Romania Leader Ceausescu abusive Communist leader Secret police kill thousands in a peaceful protest in Dec. 1989 Army captured and executed Ceausescu Continued to be led by communist sympathizers until 1996

Fall of the Soviet Union Revolutions also break out within the Soviet Union Countries of Georgia, Moldova, Uzbekistan, and the Baltic states receive independence in 1989 and 90

Fall of the Soviet Union Gorbachev changes gov’t structure to add more democratic elements Communist leaders arrest Gorbachev in 1991 and attempt a coup (failure) President Boris Yeltsin and other Russians resist and stop the coup Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (Soviet republics) speak of independence Dec. 1991- Soviet Union announced to be dissolved

Why Did We Win? Soviet oppression Unstable foreign policy Glasnost/Perestroika Lack of consumer goods Too much military spending Effective reform in the U.S. Other factors?