Life Span Lecture 4 Chapter 7-8 Toddlerhood & Preschool

Toddlerhood 1-3 years Growth – Slow & Steady Areas of focus – Gross & fine motor skills – Language – Autonomy

Height & Weight Height inch / year Weight pounds / year

Body proportions Extremities grow faster than trunk 2 yr – Potbelly – Lordosis 3 yr – Slender – Stronger – Erect posture

How many deciduous teeth are there? A.12 B.18 C.20 D.24 E.36

At what point to children have all of their deciduous teeth? A.1 yr B.1 ½ yr C.2 yr D.2 ½ yr E.3 yr

Face & Teeth Dentist Fluoride Brushing Thumb sucking – Self-limiting

Bone Development Ossification Greenstick fx

Sensory Development 3 yrs – 20/20 vision Amblyopia – Eye patch the good eye Eustachian tube

Developmental Milestones Related to – independent function

Vital Signs Temp – 98 – 99 o F Pulse – 90 – 120/ min Resp – 20 – 30 / min BP – 100/65

Gross motor Balance 1 foot Jump Steps Run

Fine motor Self-feeding Dressing Rides tricycle Simple puzzles Blocks Copies circles / lines Turns knobs Opens lids

A toddler is in what stage according to the psychoanalytical theory model? A.Trust vs. Mistrust B.Autonomy vs. Shame C.Oral stage D.Anal stage E.Preoperational

What part of toilet training do toddlers learn first? A.Bowel control B.Bladder control

Toilet training Help undressing Accidents Age – 2 – 3 ½ yrs

A toddler is in what stage according to the psychosocial theory model? A.Trust vs. Mistrust B.Autonomy vs. Shame C.Oral stage D.Anal stage E.Preoperational

Psychosocial development: Autonomy Independence Freedom of choice

Psychosocial development: Discipline Simple & direct f/b diversion Consistent Routine Frustration negativistic behavior Time out

Psychosocial development: Separation anxiety Warm & affectionate Comfort items Sibling rivalry Regression

A toddler is in what stage according to the Piagets cognitive theory model? A.Trust vs. Mistrust B.Autonomy vs. Shame C.Oral stage D.Anal stage E.Preoperational

Cognitive development Global perspective Object permanence magical age Egocentric view Time Couriosity

Moral Development Parents moral code child's moral code

Communication Automatic & spontaneous Understand before they can express 2 yrs – 2 word sentences – 50 word vocabulary 3 yrs – 2 word sentences – 1,000 word vocabulary

Nutrition Est. eating habits Amounts & Variety Growth – Protein – Calcium – Iron – Phosphorus – Vitamins 2-3 yrs – Eating same food as family

Nutrition Caloric intake – 1,300 cal/day Pain vs mixed Ritualistic behavior Idea meal plan – 3 small meal – 3 nutritious snacks Routine Socialization

Sleep and Rest Nap Ritual Nightmares

Play Mimic Symbolic play Parallel play Toys – Fine and gross motor

What is the leading cause of death in toddlers? A.Cancer B.Accidents C.Bacterial Infection D.Viral Infection E.SIDS

What is the leading cause of accident death in toddlers? A.Drowning B.Burns C.Motor vehicle D.Choking E.Poisoning

Preschool Age – 3-6yrs

Height & Weight Height – 2-3 inches / year Weight – 5 pounds / year

Body proportions Loss subcutaneous and adipose tissue More adult like

Teeth Tooth decay Plaque Dental visits – Q 6 months

Muscle & Bone Development Long bones lose red marrow Flat bones have red marrow – Skull – Sternum – Pelvis

Sensory Development Vision – 20/20 – By age 5 Depth perception Color Hearing – Ear infections

Vital Signs Pulse – / minute Resp – / min BP – 100 / 60

Gross motor 4 yrs – Walking / running tip toes – Hop & balance one foot – Stairs – Climb & jump 5 yrs – Coordination increases – Jump rope – Skip – Balance beam – Sports

Fine motor Self-care Draw Scissors Printing name

Sexual Development Genital awareness Masterbation

What stage of development is a preschooler (late childhood) on the psychosocial model? A.Oral B.Anal C.Autonomy vs shame D.Initiative vs guilt E.Properational

Psychosocial development: Initiative Explore! Pretending

Psychosocial development: Discipline Set limits Explore feelings

Psychosocial development: Jealousy

Preschool education Peer interaction

Cognitive development Centration Lack reversibility Share Creative – Egocentric – Magical Increased attention span

Which of the following developed a moral development theory and staging? A.Freud B.Erikson C.Piaget D.Kohlberg E.Pope

What is the first level of Kohlberg's moral development model? A.Preconventional B.Trust vs mistrust C.Oral D.Anal E.Sensorimotor

What is the term Freud used for a Conscience A.Id B.Ego C.Superego

Communication 4 yrs – 4 word sentences – Who, what, where – Nouns, verbs & adjectives 5 yrs – 5+ word sentences – 2,000+ word vocabulary

Nutrition Caloric intake – 1,800 cal /day

Sleep and Rest hours / night Nap – 1 a day (if) – 30 – 60 minutes Nightmares

Play Cooperative / associative play – Rules – Share Audience Imagination Imaginary friends

Safety Car seats Injuries Strangers

Thumb sucking Malalignment of the teeth

Bed-wetting Enuresis

Fears Dark Mutilation Abandonment