Ethics ETERNALISM MODULE 19 Chapter 21: Ethics Overview Abide and Abound Chapter 21: Ethics Overview ©ChristianEternalism.com

Existence Identity Consciousness BUILDING PHILOSOPHY MAN Component Hierarchy of Facts Everything from Ethics and Above Is COLORED (For Me, Against Me, Neutral) AESTHETICS “X is Beautiful” POLITICS “X is Just” AESTHETICS: CELEBRATED FACTS CREATING VALUES For Me, Against Me, Neutral POLITICS: PROTECTED FACTS GOVERNING VALUE ETHICS “X is Good” ETHICS: PURSUED FACTS VALUING, ACTING, DESIRING ETHICS: PURSUED FACTS VALUING, ACTING, DESIRING METAPHYSICS “X is Real” METAPHYSICS “X is Real” EPISTEMOLOGY “X is True” EPISTEMOLOGY “X is True” EPISTEMOLOGY: DISCOVERED FACTS KNOWING EPISTEMOLOGY: DISCOVERED FACTS KNOWING ONTOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK CORRESPONDENCE DEFINITION OF TRUTH PRIMACY OF EXISTENCE GOD INSIDE THE BOX METAPHYSICS: SELF-EXISTING FACTS REALITY, EXISTENCE METAPHYSICS: SELF-EXISTING FACTS REALITY, EXISTENCE Existence Identity Consciousness AXIOMS AXIOMS: SELF-EVIDENT FACTS IRREDUCIBLE, INESCAPABLE, INVINCIBLE AXIOMS: SELF-EVIDENT FACTS IRREDUCIBLE, INESCAPABLE, INVINCIBLE ©ChristianEternalism.org

What actions should I do? REVIEW, PREVIEW What is real? What Is true? What actions should I do? ? METAPHYSICS EPISTEMOLOGY VALUE ETHICS Gap Gap BEING x is real OUGHT IS KNOWING x is true DOING x is good ©ChristianEternalism.org

(Perception, Conception) DESCRIPTIVE TRUTHS Correspondence of Truth “Truth Is…Knowledge of…Reality” (D&C 93:24-25) ? FACTS METAPHYSICS Mind and Reason EPISTEMOLOGY VALUE ETHICS (Perception, Conception) Gap Gap BEING x is real KNOWING x is true OUGHT IS DOING x is good ©ChristianEternalism.org

(Perception, Conception) DESCRIPTIVE TRUTHS Correspondence of Truth PRESCRIPTIVE TRUTHS “If ye know these things, happy  are ye if ye do them.” (John 13:17) Conformance of Correct Desires “Truth Is…Knowledge of…Reality” (D&C 93:24-25) FACTS VALUES METAPHYSICS Mind and Reason EPISTEMOLOGY Life VALUE ETHICS (Perception, Conception) Gap Gap BEING x is real IS KNOWING x is true OUGHT DOING x is good REALITY STANDARD OF TRUTH ETERNAL LIFE STANDARD OF VALUE SPIRITUAL CREATION GOD THE CREATOR (Father…A Divine Person) SPIRITUAL REVELATION GOD THE REVELATOR (Holy Ghost…A Divine Person) SPIRITUAL SALVATION GOD THE REDEEMER (Son…A Divine Person) HOLY SPIRIT (A Divine Substance) ©ChristianEternalism.org

Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle META-ETHICS NORMATIVE ETHICS APPLIED ETHICS Moral Authority Universal Standard Moral Code General Principles Moral Issues Particular Choices GOD RIGHT WRONG Capital Punishment REASON LIFE PLEASURE STATE Abortion Euthanasia Medical Marijuana Same Sex Marriage Ten Commandments BYU Honor Code Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle Civil Rights ©ChristianEternalism.org

Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle META-ETHICS NORMATIVE ETHICS APPLIED ETHICS Moral Authority Universal Standard Moral Code General Principles Moral Issues Particular Choices GOD RIGHT Capital Punishment REASON LIFE PLEASURE STATE WRONG Abortion Euthanasia Medical Marijuana Same Sex Marriage Ten Commandments BYU Honor Code Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle Civil Rights WHAT? ©ChristianEternalism.org

Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle META-ETHICS NORMATIVE ETHICS APPLIED ETHICS Moral Authority Universal Standard Moral Code General Principles Moral Issues Particular Choices GOD RIGHT Capital Punishment REASON LIFE PLEASURE STATE WRONG Euthanasia Abortion Medical Marijuana Same Sex Marriage Ten Commandments BYU Honor Code Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle Civil Rights The Bible Says It I Believe It That Settles It SAYS WHO? WHAT? ©ChristianEternalism.org

Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle META-ETHICS NORMATIVE ETHICS APPLIED ETHICS Moral Authority Universal Standard Moral Code General Principles Moral Issues Particular Choices GOD WRONG Capital Punishment RIGHT REASON LIFE PLEASURE STATE Euthanasia Abortion Medical Marijuana Same Sex Marriage Ten Commandments BYU Honor Code Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle Civil Rights If It’s Legal it’s OK My Body, My Life My Rights, My Choice SAYS WHO? WHAT? ©ChristianEternalism.org

Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle META-ETHICS NORMATIVE ETHICS APPLIED ETHICS Moral Authority Universal Standard Moral Code General Principles Moral Issues Particular Choices GOD Capital Punishment RIGHT REASON LIFE PLEASURE STATE WRONG Abortion Euthanasia Medical Marijuana Same Sex Marriage Ten Commandments BYU Honor Code Categorical Imperative Greatest Happiness Principle Civil Rights Religious Beliefs Vs. Civil Rights SAYS WHO? WHAT? ©ChristianEternalism.org

Kitchen Appliances Law of Identity: A is A OWNER’S MANUAL UPRIGHT FREEZERS READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care OWNER’S MANUAL ELECTRIC STOVE READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care OWNER’S MANUAL MICROWAVE OVEN READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care OWNER’S MANUAL DISHWASHER READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care Law of Identity: A is A Law of Non-Contradiction: ~ (A and ~A) Law of Excluded Middle: A v ~ A ©ChristianEternalism.com

Kitchen Appliances ©ChristianEternalism.com OWNER’S MANUAL UPRIGHT FREEZERS READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care OWNER’S MANUAL UPRIGHT FREEZERS READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care ©ChristianEternalism.com

READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care Mankind OWNER’S MANUAL MAN READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care ©ChristianEternalism.com

Two Opposing Ethical Manuals OWNERS MANUAL DUTY ETHICS READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care OWNERS MANUAL VALUE ETHICS READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Proper Maintenance And Care ©ChristianEternalism.com

META-ETHICS Ought = The Good Will Ought = The Good Life KANT, PLATO DUTY ETHICS Categorical Imperatives “Since…Then” VALUE ETHICS Hypothetical Imperatives “If …Then” KANT, PLATO ARISTOTLE Categorical Imperative: An unconditional moral obligation that is binding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person's inclination or purpose. (Google Definition) Hypothetical Imperative: A commandment of reason that applies only conditionally. Valid only in the presence of some ulterior desire or goal. (Google Definition) Deontology: is judgement of morality of an action based on absolute rules that bind you to your duty. Teleology: is an explanation for something in function of its end purpose or goal. Morality and righteousness are an end in Itself: Morality and righteousness are a means to an end: Ought = The Good Will Ought = The Good Life ©ChristianEternalism.org

Teleological Ethics HYPOTHETICAL IMPERATIVE: Given X, if Y, then Z “One is not said to know a thing or to be able to explain it until one has grasped the ‘why’ or the cause of it.” (Gordon H. Clark, Thales to Dewey, p. 136) Teleological ethics is the theory of morality that derives duty or moral obligation from what is good or desirable as an end or purpose to be achieved. HYPOTHETICAL IMPERATIVE: Given X, if Y, then Z Good Evil … Right Wrong … Virtue Vice All things (Material or Spiritual) can be explained Teleologically using Aristotle’s four causes: Mortimer Adler: “Let me summarize the four causes by describing them in the simplest terms possible. Because these statements about the four causes are so very simple, they may also be difficult to understand. We must pay close attention to the key words that are italicized in each statement.” 1. Material cause: that out of which something is made. 2. Efficient cause: that by which something is made. 3. Formal cause: that into which something is made. 4. Final cause: that for the sake of which something is made.” ©ChristianEternalism.org

The Making of a Dog House (1) The First question is ... What is it made of? Material Cause … Imagine building a doghouse (or anything) with no materials, no wood, nails, sheet metal, etc. (2) The Second question is ... How is it made? Efficient Cause … Imagine building a doghouse (or anything) without the skills of a builder or tools to work with. (3) The Third question is ... What is being made? Formal Cause … Imagine building a doghouse (or anything) without any pattern or idea of what one is making. (4) The Fourth question is ... Why is it made? Final Cause … Imagine building a doghouse (or anything) for no reason or purpose. Nails Materials + Builder, Tools + Plans + Purpose = Full Explanation ©ChristianEternalism.org

The Making of Eternal Life Love Self Others Good Right Happiness Duty VALUE ETHICS A GOOD LIFE STANDARD? Formal Cause “into which something is made” BENEFICIARY? Material Cause “out of which something is made” CODE? Efficient Cause “by which something is made” PURPOSE? Final Cause “For the sake of which Something is made” Love Life Others Self Right Good Duty Happiness DUTY ETHICS A GOOD WILL ©ChristianEternalism.org

SUMMARY Questions? Rating? 10 = The most life affecting things you’ve ever learned 0 = No affect on your thinking ©ChristianEternalism.org