Environmental Criminology and Crime Science

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Presentation transcript:

Environmental Criminology and Crime Science Basics of environmental criminology: Temptation and opportunity are central to explaining crime Focus on criminal acts rather than criminal disposition Regardless of the dispositional factors that may drive individuals, situational elements still need to be conducive in order for crime to occur All crimes require an opportune situation Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Environmental Criminology and Crime Science Theoretical foundation of environmental criminology: Routine activity approach Geometric theory of crime Rational choice perspective Crime pattern theory Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Crime Science Routine activity approach: Criminal opportunities arise through the everyday movement and routines of individuals Crime occurs through the intersection in time and space of suitable targets and motivated offenders in the the absence of capable guardians Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Crime Science Routine activity approach: Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Crime Science Group exercise: Discuss the implications of Moreto and Lemieux’s (2015b) study on ranger perspectives on poaching on the crime triangle and understanding the activities of offenders, targets, and guardians. Can you think of other crimes that may be relevant to this alteration? Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Crime Science Geometric theory of crime All crime will occur at some place and at a specific time In other words, all crime will have a spatial and temporal component Many criminal activities can be viewed as a byproduct of normal, non-criminal activities Activity nodes, pathways, and the development of: Activity spaces Awareness spaces Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Crime Science Rational choice perspective All crime will occur at some place and at a specific time In other words, all crime will have a spatial and temporal component Many criminal activities can be viewed as a byproduct of normal, non-criminal activities Activity nodes, pathways, and the development of: Activity spaces Awareness spaces Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Crime Science Rational choice perspective Heuristic device to assess offender decision-making as it pertains to a bounded cost-benefits assessment Facilitates a crime specific approach due to the scripted nature of activities and the available choice-structuring properties Attempts to explain why specific locations, times, and targets are most suitable for offenders Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Crime Science Crime pattern theory Meta-theory Highlights process of crime commission, crime templates, offender willingness, and the interaction of these factors within an environmental backcloth Triggering incident leads to actual decision to offend Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Crime Science Another consideration that is relevant to environmental criminology, particularly within the scope of prevention, is the precipitating nature of situations Situational precipitators: situations can foster criminal activity by prompting, pressuring, permitting, and provoking individuals Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Crime Science Crime science: outcome-focused discipline; prevention, identification, and apprehension Multi-disciplinary in nature and incorporates the use of scientific methodology Applied science Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.

The full set of 137 slides is available upon adoption of this book The full set of 137 slides is available upon adoption of this book. If you are a professor using Wildlife Crimes for a class, please contact Beth at bhall@cap-press.com to request your slides. Copyright © 2018 Carolina Academic Press, LLC. All rights reserved.