Archeabacteria & Eubacteria Chapter 18.4 p539-542

ARCHEABACTERIA BACTERIA/EUBACTERIA Ancient bacteria. First to appear on earth. Produce Methane (Methanogens). Tolerate salty environments (Halophiles). Tolerate extreme heat (Thermophiles). Found in the nitrogen cycle (Nitrogen fixing bacteria) Cyanobacteria (photosynthetic) Involved in decomposition Involved in food processing Bacteria that causes disease Prokaryote Cell Wall Cell Membrane DNA

The most common shapes of bacteria

Domain Bacteria vs. Domain Archea  These two types of bacteria are classified into different domains because Archaea are biochemically and genetically different from bacteria.

Bacteria is used for genetic engineering. Bacteria is perfect for genetic engineering because Prokaryotes will take up foreign DNA. Pieces of genes can be inserted into the genetic material of prokaryotes so that they will make the protein products encoded in the genes or copies of the genes themselves.

Obligate Aerobe Abligate Anaerobe Faculatative Aerobe Poisoned by oxygen. Ex; Methane producing bacteria. Need Oxygen Ex; Bacteria that causes disease, like Tuberculosis, leprosy. Faculatative Aerobe Bacteria that survives in the presence or absence of Oxygen.

 Plasmid:  is a small piece of genetic material that can replicate separately from the prokaryote’s main chromosome.

 Flagellum:  (fluh-JEHL-uhm) Is a long, whiplike s tructure outside of a cell that is used for movement.

 conjugation:  (kahn-juhGAY-shuhn) prokaryotes can exchange parts of their chromosomes through a hollow bridge of pili formed to connect two or more cells. 

Endospore: a specialized cell with a thick, protective wall

BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA 18.4 Section Quiz Choose the letter of the best answer

. ______ 1. Prokaryotes that need oxygen to live are called  a. obligate anaerobes. b. obligate aerobes. c. facultative anaerobes.  d. endospores.

 ______ 2. Prokaryotes can move by the use of  a. flagella. b. plasmids.  c. pili.  d. endospores. 

 ______ 3. Bacteria are classified as Gram-positive based on a substance found in their  a. plasma membranes. b. conjugation bridges.  c. cell walls. d. plasmids.

4. An endospore may survive a drought because it is protected by a a. hollow bridge.  b. thick wall. c. plasmid replication.  d. plasma membrane.

 ______ 5. Bacteria that are rod shaped are called a. spirochetes. b. spirilla.  c. cocci. d. bacilli.