First Law for A Open Systems (Control Volume)

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Presentation transcript:

First Law for A Open Systems (Control Volume) P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Modeling of True Engineering Systems…..

Executes a Thermodynamic Cycle using an assembly of CVs The Steam Power Plant Executes a Thermodynamic Cycle using an assembly of CVs Multiple Inflows & Multiple Outlets !!!

Laws of Nature for A Control Mass Conservation of Mass : Conservation of Momentum : First law of thermodynamics :

Rate Equations for Laws of Nature for A Control Mass Conservation of Mass : Conservation of Momentum : First law of thermodynamics :

The Family of Thermodynamic Systems

Engineering Symptoms of Civilization The Pinnacle of Civilization The Onset of Civilization

CVs for Day to Day Use Supply & Use of LPG through Cylinders

Domestic Using of LPG

Control Mass or Control Volume Closed System or Open system A Representation for Engineering Convenience

CM & CV Representation of a Device Control Mass representation of Can: The total Deodorant Control Volume representation of Can: Deodorant in side the can At time t = 0, (before spray). The total mass of Deodorant =Mass of Deodorant in side the can Control mass is same as control volume

CM & CV Representation of a Device At t = dt (after spraying) Control mass = control volume + spray It is possible to relate CM and CV of a device at any instant! Principle of Conservation mass says that the rate of change of mass for a control mass is always zero. What about control volume?

The Thermodynamic Control Volume In real engineering devices, we are usually interested in a region of space, i.e, control volume and not particular control mass. The laws of nature are connected to Control Mass. Therefore, we need to transform Laws of Conservation for a control mass to a control volume. This is accomplished through the use of Reynolds Transport Theorem. Specially derived in thermodynamics for CV .

Reynolds' Transport Theorem II III At time t0+dt III has left CV at time t0+dt I II At time t0 I is trying to enter CV at time t0 The control volume may move as time passes.

Laws of Nature for A Control Volume Conservation of mass: Conservation of momentum: Conservation of energy:

First Law for CV: Steady State Steady Flow Properties of CV are Invariant: Conservation of mass: NO accumulation or depletion of mass of a CV. Conservation of energy: No addition or removal of energy for a CV.

Rate of Work and Heat Transfers : SSSF Both rate of heat transfer and rate of work transfer are invariant. The work done per unit mass and heat transfer per unit mass are invariant. The specific work transfer at various parts of a CV can be different. The specific heat transfer at various parts of a CV can be different. Let :