Aim: How did Americans react to the problems of the Gilded Age? Do Now: Turn in last night’s homework Answer the three questions in your notebook. Homework: a) The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Worksheet: Read the document and answer the discussion questions on a separate sheet of paper.

Do Now Define Reform Why does reform take place? How does reform happen?

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America What were some changes that came about as a result of the Industrial Revolution in America? Increased Urbanization Social Inequalities What were the goals of the Progressive Movement? Wanted to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life.

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America Who were the Muckrakers? One of the magazine journalists who exposed corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s. What impact did Jacob Riis have on the Progressive Movement? Exposed the dirty, overcrowded tenements that housed the urban poor

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America What were some actions Progressives used? Offered services to the poor – Settlement House Jane Adams established Hull House in Chicago What impact did Lincoln Steffens have on the Progressive Movement? Exposed the corruption in urban governments and fought to give people more of a say in government. Recall – gave voters the right to remove corrupt public officials Initiative – made it possible for citizens to enact laws

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America What was the purpose of the 17th Amendment? Gave citizens, not state legislatures the right to vote for Senators What problems did Upton Sinclair expose in his novel, The Jungle? Portrayed the dangerous and unhealthy conditions prevalent in the meat packing industry at the time.

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America How did the Federal Government respond to Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle? In 1906, Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act, required meat plants to be cleaned up and for meat to be inspected before it was shipped out to the public. Who was the first Progressive President? What were his goals as President? Theodore Roosevelt – he fought political corruption and inequalities. The Square Deal - program of progressive reforms designed to protect the common people against big business.

Stations Activity Directions: You will have approximately 10 minutes per group to answer the 5 discussion questions per document. Each Group Member is required to complete all the answers and discuss the information with their group members. At the end of each ten minute segment, you will rotate to the next table.

Upton Sinclair – The Jungle Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, in 1906 Exposed the dangerous and unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry Led to the passing of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act (The first two acts of consumer protection legislation)

Jacob Riis – How The Other Half Lives Jacob Riis wrote How The Other Half Lives, in 1890 Exposed the conditions of the poor and immigrants in urban tenements. Led to the establishment of settlement houses, the most famous was Jane Adams’ Hull House in Chicago

Frank Norris – The Octopus Frank Norris wrote The Octopus, in 1906 Exposed the monopolistic practices of railway companies in California Showed the difficulties ranchers and farmers had with transporting their products

Ida Tarbell – The History of Standard Oil Ida Tarbell wrote The History of Standard Oil in 1904. Exposed the ruthless business practices of Standard Oil and John D. Rockefeller. Led to the break up of Stand Oil Company for violating the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

Lincoln Steffens – The Shame Of Our Cities Lincoln Steffens wrote, The Shame of Our Cities, in 1906 Exposed the widespread political corruption in urban governments Led to massive political reforms including: Initiatives Recalls Referendums 17th Amendment

Closing Question Which muckraker do you believe brought about the most important changes in American society? Why?