World War One The Impact on Scottish Politics Lesson starter: Think about the following and jot down your ideas; Did WWI give any groups in Scotland more influence than they had previously? If so, who? Would WWI change who people voted for? If so, why? 1 – finance & banking 2 – ICT 3 – Construction 4 – oil & gas 5 – public sector & healthcare

We are learning to… Identify who received the vote in 1918 Explain why the position of women changed Describe the Rent Strikes I can… Gather notes & evidence on WWI and changing politics Answer two N5 questions on the topic

What do I need to know for the exam? The Extension of the Franchise 1918 Why women got the vote in 1918 Rent Strikes 1915 Homes Fit for Heroes

The Representation of the People Act 1918 (extension of the franchise) This Act of Parliament was the first time that any British women were given the vote Women over 30 could now vote if they were Householders Graduates (had a degree from a University) Married to householders Many believed this was due to the work women did in the war! The Franchise was also extended to ALL men over 21 (including poorer men) Men could vote at 19 if they had served in the First World War

Things to think about… Q: Why were all men (regardless of wealth or background) given the vote in 1918? Since millions of British men had fought for their country in WWI (with many deaths & casualties) it seemed impossible to deny them the right to vote. Poorer men needed to be enfranchised too, as it was them who had signed up in such high numbers

Women The reasons for women receiving the vote however are more complicated! Your teacher will summarise four arguments to you You should gather evidence for each, then at the end you must decide which one you think is the most convincing argument as to why women were finally enfranchised

Argument One ‘Those Lovely Suffragists!’ The NUWSS was founded in 1897 by Millicent Fawcett These middle class, well educated women campaigned peacefully to receive the vote Pamphlets, petitions, meetings with MPs Many believed they proved women were educated and organised and that they gained support of many MPs They gained respect

Argument Two ‘Those Bloody Suffragettes!’ The WSPU was founded by Emmeline Pankhurst in 1903 She wanted to use ‘Deeds not words’ to gain the vote The Suffragettes smashed windows, chalked slogans on walls, chained themselves to parliament and staged noisy protests

Some of their most controversial tactics involved Bombing MP Lloyd George’s summer house outside London Emily Davison’s death in front of the King’s Horse at the Epsom Derby in 1913 Going on Hunger Strike when they were imprisoned, forcing the government to introduce the ‘Cat and Mouse Act’ 1913 These all resulted in massive PUBLICITY and embarrassment for the government.

Starter – Recap from last week Describe the tactics used by; The Suffragists The Suffragettes To gain the vote for women before the war.

Q Practice N5 1. Describe the methods used by women to campaign for the vote 1900-1914. 4

Argument Three ‘They did their bit in the War!’ As we know, around 2m British women took up men’s jobs in WWI They worked in munitions, The Land Army, Transport, Nursing & Office jobs to free up men to fight Many women worked in highly dangerous jobs i.e. the ‘Canaries’ who received toxic jaundice in munitions factories This gained them a lot of respect from men across the country Many believed the vote was a ‘Reward’ for their work in the war

Argument Four ‘It was going to happen anyway!’ Some historians have put forward the idea that women getting the vote was inevitable Society was gradually changing – women were now accepted into universities, women had gained more rights i.e. custody of their own children and women could vote in local elections Also, other countries such as Norway, Finland and New Zealand (British colony) had already given women the vote These people argue that the war & Suffrage groups perhaps only ‘hurried up’ the vote for women

Some alternative views to consider… Many people actually became anti-women’s suffrage due to the law breaking of the Suffragettes Some people called the Suffragettes terrorists Some people said the Suffragists were boring and easily ignored The women who worked in munitions were in their 20s – it was not these women who got the vote Although women had some more rights by 1914, they were still very much second class citizens to men

Complete in your jotter and share your ideas with the class! Your Verdict: British women received the vote in 1918 due to… Two reasons to support my conclusion are: * Complete in your jotter and share your ideas with the class!

N5 9 marker To what extent did women receive the vote in 1918 due to their work in WWI? 9 marks. Introduction (Background & things you will discuss) – 1 mark Knowledge – 5 marks Balance and structure – 1 mark Coming to a conclusion – 1 mark Reason for the conclusion – 1 mark

The Rent Strikes 1915 Listen to the song ‘Mrs Barbour’s Army’ at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1REUYD01Nr0 Follow the lyrics as you listen, and try to jot down some notes about what you think Mrs Barbour’s Army did.

Glasgow – 1915 The Problem During the war, people moved to big cities like Glasgow where work in the factories was plentiful Housing was in short supply, so many landlords decided to increase rent in order to make more money This was known as profiteering It is likely that Landlords believed they would get away with it, particularly with most men away fighting

The Rent Strikes Many women believed these Landlords were taking advantage – the quality of housing was generally poor so why should people pay more? In February 1915, Mary Barbour established the Glasgow Womens’ Housing Association They refused to pay increased rents, displaying posters in their windows refusing rent increases When sheriff's officers arrived to collect rent arrears they were attacked with rotten food and flour Many male workers on the Clydeside joined the women in their protests & strikes Soon 25,000 residents had joined the Rent Strikes and they spread to other cities like Dundee

The Rent Strikes - Results The British Government was put under immense pressure with the Rent Strikes, as well as men in important jobs taking their own strike action The government was forced to pass the 1915 Rent Restriction Act, freezing rents to pre-1914 levels This was seen as a victory for the working class women and men in Glasgow It was also part of a wider movement, known as ‘Red Clydeside’ which was about ordinary men & women standing up to the government

N5 Questions Describe the events of the Rent Strikes in 1915. 4 marks 4 detailed sentences = 4 marks

David Lloyd George in 1918… Our boys have fought hard and done us proud! We will all be eternally thankful! We know poor housing is a huge problem in our country…I promise every man returning from war a new Home fit for a hero!

Homes Fit for Heroes – The Promises A new law, The Addison Act of 1919 promised to build ½ a million new council homes across Britain Mainly 3 bedroom family homes The homes would be finished in three years Housing committees were set up New ‘garden estates’ would be built on the outskirts of cities There would be facilities like shops, schools and churches

Homes Fit for Heroes – The Reality! The economy weakened during the 1920s – the decline of heavy industry was mainly to blame and unemployment was high The ‘Homes fit for Heroes’ budget was made smaller and smaller Only 200,000 homes were actually built(less than half of those promised) The Addison Act only made very slight improvements to housing

We are learning to… Identify who received the vote in 1918 Explain why the position of women changed Describe the Rent Strikes I can… Gather notes & evidence on WWI and changing politics Answer two N5 questions on the topic

What do I need to know for the exam? The Extension of the Franchise 1918 Why women got the vote in 1918 Rent Strikes 1915 Homes Fit for Heroes