Nontraditional Surgical Approaches for Implantation of Pacemaker and Cardioverter Defibrillator Systems in Patients With Limited Venous Access Dawn E. Jaroszewski, MD, MBA, Gregory T. Altemose, MD, Luis R. Scott, MD, Komandoor Srivasthan, MD, Patrick A. DeValeria, MD, Jesse Lackey, FA, Francisco A. Arabia, MD, MBA The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 88, Issue 1, Pages 112-116 (July 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.006 Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 1 Port placement is shown in the left chest. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 112-116DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.006) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 2 Direct placement is shown of active fixation pacemaker leads. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 112-116DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.006) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 3 Drawing shows subxiphoid access to ventricles. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 112-116DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.006) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 4 Chest roentgenogram shows the implantable cardioverter-defibrillators device coil. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 112-116DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.006) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 5 Chest roentgenogram shows the subcutaneous cardioverter-defibrillators device coils. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 112-116DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.006) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions