PUBLIC DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION 2010

TEETH (]Ãv)

TOOTH NAMES Central Incisors Lateral Incisors Canine Premolars Molars

Z´-LS\ Tooth structure ]Ãn\v thcpw aIp-S-hp-ap­v aIp-S-¯n C\m-aepw sUân\pw D­v ico-c-¯nse Gähpw I«nIqSnb hkvXphmWv C\m-a C\m-a-en\p Xmsg ImWp¶ `mK-amWv sUân³ s]cn-tbm-tUm¬S enK- saânsâ klm-b-¯m thcv FÃn Dd-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.

km[m-c-W-bmbn ap³\nc ]Ãp-IÄ Hcp thcp-ÅXpw ]n³ \nc-]-Ãp-IÄ H¶n-e-[nIw thcp-I-fp-Å-Xp-am-Wv. ]Ãnsâ Gähpw DÄ`m-K-¯pÅ ]Ä]v Rc-¼p-Ifpw cà-¡p- g-ep-Ifpw AS-§n-b-XmWv ]Ãn-\m-h-iy-amb t]mj-I-§Ä F¯p-¶Xv Chn-tS-¡m- Wv. Z´-LS\

tImaf Z´-\nc (]m¸-Ãp-IÄ)

Ønc Z´-\nc

Z´-tcm-K-§fpw Ah-sb NnIn-Õn¡p¶ hnhn[ Z´- im-J-Ifpw

sUân-kv{Sn-bpsS hnhn[ imJ-IÄ Hmd saUn-kn³ /tdUn-tbm-fPn hn`mKw ( Oral Medicine & Radiology) tamW-tcm-K-hn-`mKw ( Periodontics) Ip«n-I-fpsS hn`mKw ( Pedodontics) ]-Ã-S-bv¡p¶ hn`mKw (Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics) Z´-{I-ao-I-c-W-hn-`mKw ( Orthodontics) Ir{Xna Z´ hn`mKw ( Prosthodontics) ikv{X-In-bm-hn-`mKw ( Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery) Hmd ]mt¯m-fPn hn`mKw ( Oral Pathology) Community Dentistry Oral Implantology Forensic Odontology

{Ia-c-lnX Z´-\n-c-bpsS Imc-W-§Ä 1.P\n-X-I-]-c-am-bXv (]m-c-¼-cyw) 2.ioe-§Ä (lm-_nävkv) 3.£X-§Ä 4.tcmK-§Ä 5.t]mj-I-¡p-dhv Z´-{I-ao-I-cW hn`mKw (HmÀt¯m tUm¬SnIvkv )

\ncsXänb ]ÃpIÄ (Irregularities of teeth)

\ncsX-änb ]Ãp-I-fpsS Zqc-hym-]-I-amb ^e-§Ä apJ t]in-I-fpsS sXämb {]hÀ¯\w sXämb hngp-§Â {]{Inb ]Ãp-IÄ¡n-S-bnse ¹m¡v \o¡w sN¿p-hm-\pÅ sshjayw-aqew Z´-£-b-¯n-\pÅ IqSnb km[yX ]Ãp- s]m«mt\m £X-ta¡mt\m DÅ IqSnb km[yX `£Ww icn-bm-b-co-Xn-bn Nh-¨-c-b-¡m-\pÅ {]bmkw kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-Xnse hnjaw

REMOVABLE & FIXED APPLIANCES

Z´-{I-ao-I-cW NnInÕ Ønambn hbv¡p-¶Xpw FSp-¯p-am-äm-hp-¶Xpw Ønc {Iao-I-cW NnInÕ 1.teml-{_m-bv¡äp-IÄ D]-tbm- Kn-¨p-ÅXv 2.Hcp BÀ¨v hbÀ {_m¡-än-te¡p LSn-¸n-¡p-¶p. 3.sNdnb _ew ]Ãn-te¡p \ÂIp-¶p. 4. NnInÕ H¶p apX aq¶p hÀjw hsc \ofm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

FSp-¯p-am-äm-hp¶ Z´-{I-ao-I-cW D]-I-c-W- §Ä FSp-¯p-am-äm-hp¶ D]-I-c-W-§Ä Ønc {Iao-I-cW NnIn- Õ-bv¡p-tijw dns«-bv\À Bbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. sNdnb tXmXn-epÅ Z´-{I-ao-I-c-W-§Ä C¯-c-¯n \S-¯m- hp¶Xm-Wv.

Before treatmentAfter treatment

]Ãv AS-bv¡p¶ hn`mKw (I¬kÀth-äohv sUânkv{Sn & Ftâm-tUm¬Sn-Ivkv) Z´-£-b-¯n-\pÅ Imc-W-§Ä ]Ãp-IÄ þ _mIvSo-cn-b Uâ ¹m¡v (C-¯nÄ) ]p-fn-¸n-¡p¶ ImÀt_m sslt{Uäp-IÄ

Enamel is the hardest material in body. Acids produced through bacterial action can erode enamel and lead to decay. If unchecked, decay will progress through the dentin and into the pulp. Resulting in pulpal death and/or abscess formation. Z´-£-b-¯nsâ _m[bpw XpSÀ¶pÅ ho¡-hpw

hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ Imhn-än-Ifpw (t]mSpIfpw) Ah AS-bv¡p¶ coXn-Ifpw {i²n-¡pI

TREATMENT hnhn[-Xcw ]Ã-S-bv¡-ep-IÄ

]Ãv Xcn-¸n¨ tijw Hcp Zzmcw Z´-a-Ip-S-¯n-eqsS ]ĸn-te¡v D­m-¡p-¶p. thcnsâ \ofw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶p. thcp NnInÕ (RCT)

Btcm-Ky-an-Ãm¯ ]Ä]v \o¡w sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶p. I\m ¢o³ sNbvXv hep-Xm¡n sjbv¸m- ¡n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶p. I\m \nd-bv¡p-Ibpw ko sN¿p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p thcp NnInÕ RCT

]Ãv XmevIm-enI AS-bv¡Â hkvXp D]- tbm-Kn¨v ko sN¿p-¶p. kzÀ®-tam. t]mÀsÉbvt\m D]-tbm-Kn-¨pÅ aIpSw sIm­v ]Ãn\v IqSp-X kwc-£Ww \ÂIp¶p

Ir{Xna Z´-hn-`mKw (t{]mkvtXmtUm¬SnIvkv ) A-Z´ XmSn-I-fpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-khpw \jvS-s¸« ]Ãp-IÄ¡v ]Icw asäm¶v hbv¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xv kw_-Ôn-¨ -Z´imkv{XimJ-bm-Wn-Xv. e`y-amb NnIn-Õ-IÄþ Ønc `mKoI Iy{XnaZ´-§Ä. AØnc `mKoI Iy{Xna Z´-§Ä. ]qÀ® Iy{Xna Z´-§Ä.

Ønc `mKoI Iy{Xna Z´-§Ä KpW-§Ä 1.anI¨ `wKn. 2.hym]vXn¡pdhv. 3.cpNn-¡p-d-hn-Ã.

Ønc Iy{Xna Z´-§Ä sIm­pÅ hmbpsS ]p\-c- [n-hm-kw. A`wK n

Cf-Ip¶ ]Ãp-IÄ FSp-¯p-am-äp-¶p. Cf-Ip¶ ]Ãp-IÄ FSp-¯-ti-jw.

Xmev¡meoI ]p\-c-[n-hm-kw. ( Temporary rehabilitation ) Ah-km\ ^ew (Final Result)

AØnc `mKoI Ir{XnaZ´-§Ä A partial denture is a removable dental appliance that replaces multiple missing teeth. It can be attached to the teeth with clasps (clasp or conventional partial) or it can be attached to the teeth with crowns with precision attachments (hidden clasps). Both types have a metal framework and plastic teeth and gum areas.

]qÀ® Iy{Xna Z´-§Ä AZ´ hmb-IÄ¡v apgp-h³ skäv¸Ãv D]- tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p.

Z´ Cw¹mâp-IÄ Cw¹mâv FÃn-\p- Ån Cw¹mâvnt\mSp IqsS-bpÅ Iy{Xna ]Ãv Dental implants are replacements of lost dentition by means of Biomaterials which are osteointegrated

FÃn-t\m-Sp eb\w Ah-km\ ^ew Hä]Ãv Cw¹mâv ]sÃ-Sp¯ Ipgn

tamW-tcmK hn`mKw (s]cntbmtUm¬SnIvkv) tamWtcmK-§-fpsS NnInÂk kw_-Ôn¨ Z´imkv{XimJ Calcified plaque-Calculus Plaque is a sticky, colorless film of bacteria, salivary proteins, and food debris that forms on teeth every day. It is the main cause of cavities and gum disease If plaque remains on the teeth, it mixes with saliva and eventually hardens, forming tartar/calculus.

Tartar is an accumulation of mineral deposits and hardened plaque. It creates a rough surface that provides the perfect home for growing bacteria. Not only is tartar a threat to healthy gums, but it also presents a cosmetic problem.

]Ãnse Agp¡v (Plaque, Tartar, Calculus, Stains), Calculus Stains Dental plaque Tartar

Btcm-KyapÅ tamW tamW-ho¡w s]-cn-tbm tUm¬ssUänkv With advanced disease the gums recede farther, destroying more bone and the periodontal ligament. Teeth even healthy teeth may become loose and need to be extracted. tamW-tcm-K-¯nsâ hnhn[L«-§Ä

Deep scaling of the root surface of a tooth by using appropriate dental instruments. kvsIbvenwKpw, dq«v t¹\nwKpw Hand instruments Ultrasonic scaler Involves removal of calculus from tooth & root surface manually/ultrasonic scaler

A gingival flap is raised to expose the root of a tooth so that root planing is possible. This treatment is appropriate for managing very deep periodontal pockets tamW ikv{X-{Inb

tamW-bn-d¡w thcvaq-SÂ tamW-bn-d-¡w Snjyq {Km^väv sIm­v aqSn-b-Xv.

FÃv {Km^väv {]{Inb Bone substitutes are natural/synthetic replacement of bone used in filling of osseous defects, sockets of extraction wound, implant site etc.

s]cn-tbm-tUm¬S sa-Un-kn³ :- tamW-tcm-K-§fpw ico-c-¯nse aäv Akp-J-§fpw X½n-epÅ _Ôs¯¡pdn¨v {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p¶ tamWtcmKhn-`m-K-¯nsâ imJ tamW-tcm-K- §Ä lrZvtcmK-§Ä Imew XnI-bm¯ {]k-hhpw Xq¡w Ipdª ininhpw {]talw AØn-tcm-K-§Ä(Hm-Ìn-tbm-t]m-tdm-knkv izmk-tImi tcmK-§Ä AWp-_m-[-bpsS Dd-hnSw

Complete hard tissue (extraction) tray. ikv{X{Inbm hn`m-Kw. (-Hm-d Bâv amIvkntem t^jyÂ) ]sÃ-Sp¡Â,Xm-Sn-sb-Ãnsâ HSnhv icn-bm-¡Â, aäv I-gp-¯n- sâbpw, X-e-bp-sSbpw ikv{X-{In-b-IÄ. ]Ãv ]dn-t¡­ kµÀ`-§Ä hym]-I-amb Z´-£bw Xo{h-amb tamW-tcmKw ]gp¸v ]Ãv sI-«p¶ NnInÂkbv¡v Øm\w sXänb ]Ãp-IÄ apdnª ]Ãp-Ifpw thcp-Ifpw XSªn-cn-¡p¶ ]Ãp-IÄ

]Ãn\v Npäpw ac-hn-¸n-¡p- ¶p. ]Ãv Cf-¡p¶p. sImSn-ep-]- tbm-Kn¨v ]Ãv\o¡w sN¿p¶p. ]Ãv]-dn-¡Â

hnhn[-Xcw XmSn-sb-Ãv apdn-hp-IÄ Le Fort I Fracture of the maxilla involving the front teeth and extending bilaterally into the nose. Characterized by malocclusion of the teeth. Can be identified by grasping the top teeth and attempting to move them; with Le Fort I, the teeth and maxilla will move, but the nose and upper face will stay fixed.

Le Fort II Fracture of the maxilla in a pyramid shape, extending into the nasal bones. Characterized by mobility of the nose into the dental arch. Le Fort III Fracture that involves total craniofacial separation in a tripod pattern with craniofacial detachment. Characterized by mobility of the nose and the dental arch without frontal bone movement.

Iogv¯mSn HSnhv Mandibular fracture- types Bodyfracture Angle Symphysis Condylar Coronoid

t¹bvävIfpw kv{IqIfpw D]-tbm-Kn-¨v HSn-hn-\pÅ NnInÂk

Iogv¯m-Sn-sb-Ãnsâ HSn-hn-\pÅ NnInÂk XmSnIÄ Iq«ns¡«n Dd-¸n- ¡Â Prior to reducing the mandibular fracture, the teeth are brought together and placed in occlusion. Intermaxillary fixation is achieved with four screws, two in the maxilla and two in the mandible. The screws are connected with wires.

Xpd¶v DÄ`m-K-¯n Dd-¸n-¡Â The mandible is exposed through an external incision. Metal plates and screws are used to repair the fracture. The intermaxillary fixation wires and screws are removed at the end of the procedure. Iogv¯m-Sn-sb-Ãnsâ HSn-hn-\pÅ NnInÂk

Unilateral cleft lip and palate Bilateral cleft lip and palate Cleft palate apdn Np­pw apdn A®m¡pw km[m-cW A®m¡v apdn-Np-­n\pw apdn A®m-¡n-\p-apÅ ikv{X-{Inb

Unilateral cleft lip repairBilateral cleft lip repair apdn-Np-­nsâ ikv{X-{Inbm NnInÂk

Ip«nI-fpsS Z´ hn`mKw ]otUmtUm¬SnIvkv Ip«n-I-fpsS Z´ NnInÂkbv¡p th­n-bpÅ Z´ imkv{X imJ

apf-bv¡Â:- Teething is the process of teeth moving and breaking through the gums. The following are the most common symptoms of teething:- drooling more than usual constantly putting fingers or fists in the mouth swollen, or puffy area on gum fussiness or crankiness Teething does not cause colds, diarrhea, or high fever, but it can make a baby uncomfortable. ]Ãvap-f-bv¡p-¶-Xn-t\m-S-\p-_-Ôn¨ sshI-ey-§Ä

Ip«n-I-fnse \nc-sX-änb ]Ãp-I-fpsS Xc-§Ä. Class I malocclusion- Normal molar relation associated with malaligned teeth. Class II malocclusion- Distalisation of lower molars associated with malaligned teeth. Class III malocclusion- Mesialisation of lower molars associated with malaligned teeth. Class III Class I Class II

Bg¯n-epÅ ISn (-A-S-ª-I-Sn). (Deep Bite),(Closed Bite) Xpd¶ ISn (Open Bite) Ip«n-I-fnse hnhn-[ -Xcw ISn-IÄ

The damage done by the tongue to the skeletal features and teeth can be seen in this x-ray which shows the back teeth in full contact while the front teeth are completely wide apart and forward. This is an open bite due to an abnormal swallowing pattern. \m¡v ]pd-t¯-¡n-S-ensâ ^e-§Ä ImWn-¡p¶ FIvkvtd.

Severe thumb habit often lead to an abnormal swallowing pattern. The distortions caused by the thumb or a finger habit will severely distort the teeth and bone positions. Patient undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for correction of malocclusion hmbv io-e-§Ä

HABIT BREAKING APPLIANCES

DENTAL CARIES

PREVENTION

Leukoplakia / lateral border of tongue AÀ_pZ¯n\v apt¶m-Sn-bmb ]mSp-IÄ ({]oam-en-sáâv eoj³) Hmd saUn-kn³ & tdUn-tbm-fPn hmbn ]pI-bnebp]-tbm- K-¯nsâ ^e-§Ä hmbv\mäw \ndw amdnb ]Ãp-IÄ cpNn-¡p-dhv IqSp-X t]mSp-IÄ¡v km[yX IqSnb ]pfn¸v a[pcw t]mSn\v km[y-X- bm-Ip-¶p. hmbnse AÀ_pZw

Oral Cancer hmbnse AÀ_pZw

]pIbne DXv]¶§Ä

Chemical Box: Benzene: Found in moth balls Denatured alcohol : Used to keep cigarettes burning. Toluene: Now illegal to put in top coat solution for polishing your nails. DDT: Insecticides. Arsenic: Found in rat poison. Formaldehyde: Dead body preservative. Tar: Cancer-causing agents of tobacco smoke.

Chemical Box:

hmbnÂI-­p-h-cp¶ AÀ_p-Z-§Ä Squamous cell carcinoma on the lip Squamous cell carcinoma on the mouth Squamous cell carcinoma on the tongue

hmbn I-­p-h-cp¶ AÀ_p-Z-§Ä CARCINOMA

Cancer patients

Uâ tdUn-tbm-fPn hnhn[ hmbv tcmK-§-fpsS \nÀ®-b-¯n\v Intraoral X-ray unit Extraoral X-ray unit

Light microscope Hmd ]mt¯m-fPn & ssat{Im _tbm-fPn Z´-I-e-I-fpsS hni-I-e\ ]T-\w. This branch plays an important role in reading of biopsy specimen, performing biochemical test & in helping to arrive at a diagnosis for proper treatment. This is of great importance in the early detection of oral cancer.

Z´-tcmK {]Xn-tcm[w Z´-tcmK {]Xn-tcm[w aq¶v Xe-§-fn-em- Imw. Xew.1 hyàn-Xew. Xew-.2 kaq-l-Xew. Xew.3 s{]m^-j-WÂ Xew.

hyàn-Xe {]Xn-tcm-[w. BASS TECHNIQUE OF BRUSHING A circular or elliptical motion to brush a couple of teeth at a time, gradually covering the entire mouth. Place a toothbrush at a 45-degree angle and gently brush teeth in an elliptical motion. Brush the outside of the teeth, inside the teeth, your tongue and the chewing surfaces and in between teeth. Using a back and forth motion causes the gum to recede, expose the root surface & cause sensitivity. 1. {_jn§v

Electric toothbrush Types of brushes- manual & electric Frequency of brushing- twice daily Duration of brushing- three minutes at a time When to change a brush- splaying & fraying of bristles indicate replacement of brush as these are ineffective for cleaning & harbor bacteria causing dental diseases. Brushing of tongue is advised for correction of bad breath Brushing (Contd.) Manual toothbrush

\n§-fpsS Ip«n-bpsS ]Ãp-I-fpsS {_jn-§v. We suggest that you sit on the floor with your childs head on your lap. This allows you to have better access and view of your childs teeth. For infants, use a damp wash cloth and rub your babys teeth.

BRUSHING YOUR CHILDS TEETH (Cont.) Use only a pea size amount of toothpaste. Start with the back teeth on the cheek side. Gently brush in little circular motion until you reach the other side. Repeat on the tongue side, and on the other arch. Brush the biting surfaces back and forth. Lastly, gently brush the tongue.

2. ^vtfmÊn§v Dental floss remove dental plaque from Interdental areas & undersurface of bridge inaccessible to ordinary brush PROCEDURE Wrap about 18 inches of floss around your middle fingers. Using your thumbs and forefingers gently pass the floss between your teeth. Never "snap" the floss; it can damage the gums. Gently scrape the side of the tooth with the floss while pulling the floss up through the contact (between the teeth). Repeat this method on all your teeth. move to a clean area of floss after each tooth.

Plaque accumulation under FPD Flossing (Contd.) Technique of flossing under a bridge

kaq-l-Xe {]Xn-tcm[w ^vfqssdUv Fluoride Fluoride is a compound of the element fluorine, which is found universally throughout nature. Fluoride is absorbed easily into tooth enamel. Fluoride makes the entire tooth structure more resistant to decay and promotes remineralization, which aids in repairing early decay before the damage is even visible. "Systemic" fluoride is ingested when added to public and private water supplies(1ppm), soft drinks and teas, and is available in dietary supplement form.

s{]m^-j-WÂ Xe-¯n-epÅ {]Xn-tcm-[w. ]näv Bâv ^njÀ koeâv Pit & fissure sealent The term "dental sealant" or "tooth sealant" refers to a plastic which a dentist bonds into the grooves of the chewing surface of a tooth as a means of helping to prevent the formation of tooth decaytooth sealant

GOLDEN RULES FOR BETTER TEETH Brush twice daily Floss regularly Visit your dentist every six months

D]-kw-lm-cw. Z´tcmK-§-fpsS t\c-s¯-bpÅ Is­-¯epw {]Xn-tcm-[hpw, Hcm-fpsS ]Ãp-IÄ Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc \ne-\nÀ¯p- hm³ klm-bn-¡p-¶p. hnhn[ Z´-im-kv{X imJ-I-fn-eqsS \evIs¸Sp¶ \qX-\- amb NnIn-Õm-co-Xn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS Z´- \jvSw Ipdbv-¡p-hm-\pw,-`w-Kn-bp-ÅXpw D]-tbm-K- {]-Z-hp-amb Z´-\nc Pohn-X-¯n-ep-S-\ofw \ne- \nÀ¯p-hm-\pw klm-bn-¡p-¶p.

CREDITS CDH wing ida Kerala state 2010 Dr.Samuel K Ninan (President, IDA Kerala state Branch2010) Dr.Shibu Rajagopal (Secretary, IDA Kerala state Branch 2010) Dr. Joseph C C (Chairman CDH, IDA Kerala State Branch 2010) Dr.Mehul R Mahesh & Dr.Akhil

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