Monitoring the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and toll-like receptors (TLRs) following inhalation of AZD8848. Monitoring the induction of pro-inflammatory.

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Monitoring the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and toll-like receptors (TLRs) following inhalation of AZD8848. Monitoring the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and toll-like receptors (TLRs) following inhalation of AZD8848. The mediators (A) C reactive protein (CRP), (B) interferon γ (IFNγ), (C) interleukin 8 (IL-8) and (D) tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) were measured in plasma as described in Methods section in healthy volunteers receiving two 30 μg doses of AZD8848 1 week apart. Data from individual participants are shown as separate lines, treatment as solid lines, and placebo as broken lines. Arrows indicate individual participants who experienced severe (black) or moderate (grey) influenza-like symptoms in the preceding period. Changes in (E) TLR7 and (F) TLR9 RNA levels in blood were determined in healthy volunteers receiving a 30 μg dose of AZD8848 and samples were taken at the time points indicated. Data from individual participants are shown, those receiving placebo as a broken line, those receiving AZD8848 as a solid line. In view of the small numbers of participants, no statistical testing was performed between treatment groups. Stephen Delaney et al. BMJ Open Resp Res 2016;3:e000113 ©2016 by British Thoracic Society