Comparison of fecal metabolite concentrations in breast-fed (BF, green), standard formula-fed (FF, red), and B. lactis-supplemented formula-fed (FF + B.

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Comparison of fecal metabolite concentrations in breast-fed (BF, green), standard formula-fed (FF, red), and B. lactis-supplemented formula-fed (FF + B. lactis, blue) infant rhesus monkeys from birth to 3 months of age. Comparison of fecal metabolite concentrations in breast-fed (BF, green), standard formula-fed (FF, red), and B. lactis-supplemented formula-fed (FF + B. lactis, blue) infant rhesus monkeys from birth to 3 months of age. Fecal metabolites that were significantly altered were grouped by their responding pattern over time as either early-onset markers (A) or delayed-response markers (B). The significant difference at each time point was evaluated using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test (P < 0.05). Data are presented as means ± SEM. Xuan He et al. mSystems 2016; doi:10.1128/mSystems.00128-16