Chapter 16 Section 4 The Allied Victory Objective: Summarize the Allied campaigns & the events that led to surrender Vocabulary: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Battle of Stalingrad, D-Day, Battle of the Bulge, Kamikaze

Setting the Stage December 22, 1941 Winston Churchill & Roosevelt met to develop a joint war policy Stalin asked them to open a second front on the west to split the German army into two first Roosevelt was torn but ultimately agreed Who do you think Roosevelt want to actually attack first?

The Tide Turns on Two Fronts Churchill decided to strike at North Africa first Stalin was upset because he had to hold out on his own against the Germans in Europe British General Bernard Montgomery attacked at the Battle of El Alamein & pushed Rommel’s army back American General Dwight D. Eisenhower led his forces in Morocco Rommel’s forces in North Africa were finally crushed in May 1943 The United States send supplies to the Soviet Union to help Rommel was caught between Montgomery & Eisenhower’s armies

The Battle of Stalingrad German armies suffered during their advances toward Leningrad & Moscow Summer of 1942, Hitler sent his army to capture Stalingrad in the Battle of Stalingrad Stalin told his commanders to fight to the death to defend the city named after him German controlled 90% of the city until the winter hit, the Soviet surrounded them and the Germans eventually surrendered The Soviets lost one million soldiers defending the city 99% of the city was destroyed 90,000 frostbitten German troops surrendered Germans lost about 200,000 men The Germans were now on the defensive

The Invasion of Italy Roosevelt & Churchill decided to attack Italy next July 25th, King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy had Mussolini arrested Italy surrendered September 3rd, 1943 Germans were finally pushed out of Italy in May 1945 Italian resistance fighters found Mussolini, shot him & hung his body in Milan for all to see The United States landed in Italy on July 10th 1943 April 27 1945

The Allied Home Fronts War-torn countries like the Soviet Union & Great Britain endured extreme hardships Americans produced the weapons & equipment that would help win the war By 1944, 18 million US workers had jobs in war industries Rationing for scarce items was implemented again Governments conducted highly effective propaganda campaigns They were not being bombed on our Homefront so we were able to produce the weapons we needed Many of the workers were women One kid in Moscow collected enough scrap metal to make 14,000 artillery shells

War Limits Civil Rights A wave of prejudice arouse in the United States against Japanese Americans February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt issued an execute order calling for the internment of Japanese Americans because they were considered a threat to the country The camps were restricted military areas located far away from the coast Many of the Japanese men interned volunteered for military service & fought bravely for the United States Two-thirds of those interned were American born citizens

Victory in Europe 1943, the Allies began secretly building an invasion force in Great Britain May 1944, the invasion force was ready General Dwight D. Eisenhower, planned to strike along the coast of Normandy June 6th 1944, D-Day the allies landed in Normandy, France Included: British, French, Canadian, & US Troops Despite heavy losses, the Allies held the beaches By September 1944, the Allies had liberated France To keep Hitler guessing the Allies set up a huge dummy armies making it seem they were going to attack French seaport of Calais 3 million troops awaited the order to attack Operation Overlord 2700 American men died that day Eisenhower wrote two letters before the attack

The Battle of Bulge December 16th, German tanks pushed into Allied lines at the Battle of the Bulge but they were pushed back After the battle, the war in Europe rapidly drew to an end Allied soldiers approached Berlin from the west while Soviet troops approached from the east

Germany’s Unconditional Surrender Hitler prepared for the end in his underground headquarters as Allies surround the crumbling city April 29th, Hitler married his longtime love, Eva Braun April 30th, Hitler & Eva committed suicide then their bodies were burned May 7th 1945, General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich V-E Day: Victory in Europe, May 9th, the surrender was official signed 3 Million troops approached from the west, 6 Million troops approached from the east Roosevelt had died April 12th Truman will accept the surrender After 6 years of fighting the war in Europe had ended

Victory in the Pacific By the fall of 1944, the Allies were moving in on Japan The Japanese had devised a bold plan to halt the Allied advance Kamikazes: Japanese suicide pilots However their plan didn’t work Between March & April 1945, Americans took over Iwo Jima & Okinawa Okinawa the Japanese lost 100,000

The Japanese Surrender President Truman had to make the decision whether to use a powerful new weapon (atomic bomb) or risk more American lives The bomb was created in a top secret known as the Manhattan Project August 6th 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima then 3 days later on Nagasaki The Japanese surrendered on September 2nd 1945, V-J Day: Victory in Japan Truman was told the invasion of Japan might cause the death of ½ million American Bomb killed 60,000 to 80,000 people in Hiroshima 70,000 people were killed in Nagasaki Radiation killed millions later