Report Writing & Presentations Halcyon Lawrence halcyonl@gmail.com 682-9436 Student Consultations Rear of Year 1 Lab Mondays-Wednesdays (12-1pm)

The Communication Model

Message Noise Context Sender Encoder Receiver Decoder Channel Media Context Feedback

Role of Sender Encode the Message Analyse the audience Choose appropriate channels and media for transmission of message Encourage feedback

Role of Receiver Decode the message Provide feedback

Channels Channels: Verbal – use of words Non-verbal – non-use of words

Media Verbal: Non-verbal: Written – letters, proposals, reports Oral – presentations, seminars Non-verbal: Models, Symbols

Types of Noise Physical: Semantic Noise: Unexplained variation in a communication channel or random error in the transmission of information. Semantic Noise: It may be related to people's knowledge level, their communication skills, their experience, their prejudices etc.

Examples of Physical Noise a loud motorbike roaring down the road while you're trying to hold a conversation your little brother standing in front of the TV set mist on the inside of the car windscreen smudges on a printed page 'snow' on a TV set

Examples of Semantic Noise Distraction Differences in the use of the code Emphasising the wrong part of the message Attitude towards the sender Attitude towards the message

Context Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines context as: 1 : the parts of a discourse that surround a word or passage and can throw light on its meaning 2 : the interrelated conditions in which something exists or occurs

Before the message is encoded… Ask the questions: Who is the audience or receiver? What needs to be transmitted? Why does the message need to be transmitted? What is the expected outcome of the interaction? What is the most effective way to transmit the message? How can feedback be encouraged? What is the context in which the message is being transmitted?