Winter Road Management & Weather Data – recent developments in Finland Meeting of the WMO expert team on meteorological services for land transportation Geneva, 18-19 March 2019 Pekka Leviäkangas (PhD, Econ; PhD, Eng.) & Toni Lusikka (MSc, Eng.) 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

Presentation points Where’s the weather data in the administrational context? The winter road management ecosystem The present vs. the future – costs, service level, ecosystem complexity Implications and expectations 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

Open data Open data 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

How is winter road maintenance traditionally conducted in Finland? Meteorology and observation device manufacturer Fixed RWIS hardware provider Ministry of Transport and Communications Maintenance quality measurement provider Current winter maintenance ecosystem offerings 7. 15. 14. § 3. Weather data & forecasts 5. Safe road conditions & reliable road network 6. Winter road maintenance equipment 7. Technology solutions 8. Meteorology and observation devices 9. Emergency & road weather information services 10. Road maintenance services 11. Motor liability insurance 12. Full insurance 13. Fixed RWIS data 14. Quality supervision services 8. 3. Road authorities – OPEN DATA BANK Weather service providers 5. & 15. Road users 13. Private, commercial & other professionals 3. 15. 10. 11. & 12. Telecommunications service providers Winter road maintenance operators & Maintenance tracking data provider Insurance companies 3. 9. 9. DSS provider Device maintenance service provider Finnish Motor Insurers Centre 6. 7. Maintenance equipment manufacturer Vehicle location, measurement and tracking solutions provider 15. Open road condition data (retell Leviäkangas et al. 2014) 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

Salience of actors is described largely by the number of arrows = those who provide and receive the data and are in the nexus Meteorology and observation device manufacturer Fixed RWIS hardware provider Ministry of Transport and Communications Maintenance quality measurement provider Current winter maintenance ecosystem offerings 7. 15. § 14. 3. Weather data & forecasts 5. Safe road conditions & reliable road network 6. Winter road maintenance equipment 7. Technology solutions 8. Meteorology and observation devices 9. Emergency & road weather information services 10. Road maintenance services 11. Motor liability insurance 12. Full insurance 13. Fixed RWIS data 14. Quality supervision services 8. Road authorities – OPEN DATA BANK 3. Weather service providers 5. & 15. Road users 13. Private, commercial & other professionals 3. 15. 10. 11. & 12. Telecommunications service providers Winter road maintenance operators & Maintenance tracking data provider Insurance companies 3. 9. 9. DSS provider Device maintenance service provider Finnish Motor Insurers Centre 6. 7. Maintenance equipment manufacturer Vehicle location, measurement and tracking solutions provider 15. Open road condition data (retell Leviäkangas et al. 2014) 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

WiRMa pilot ecosystem Platform owner Winter road maintenance contractors Ministry of Transport and Communications Hardware providers Fleet providers Sensor manufacturers & other hardware providers 1. Vehicles as platforms for technology devices WRM procurement € Legislation, funding 2. 5. (Test Applications) € Quality € € 5. (Test Applications) Platform owner Road authorities Data management & analysing in-house € Open data (currently fixed RWIS and road weather forecasts) € 2. 3. € € 3. Weather service providers Possible customers & data end-users 3. Road authorities, Cities, Municipalities, WRM contractors, Maintenance quality measurement providers, Weather services, DSS providers, Logistics companies, Insurance companies, Road users, Car manufacturers, Authorities, etc. 1. Sensors & other hardware 2. Observed data 3. Weather data & forecasts 4. Analysed & combined data 5. APIs, Interface, data (Road weather information, road condition information) 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

Societal Benefits In Finland weather and road condition information reduces external costs of traffic accidents 4,6-9,2 M€ per year, and external costs of slips 2,4-3,6 M€ per year With advanced road condition information additional savings can be 2-4 % of external costs of traffic accidents Requires exact, targeted road condition information and automatic warning to the drivers Increased traffic safety 8.6.2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

Benefits for winter road maintenance contractors With more accurate road condition information, road maintenance can be optimized and decision-making improved Aiming of treatments Cost savings Vehicular RWIS could possibly reduce 5-15 % or with dynamic methods at least 15 % of machine hours and use of materials E.g. in Finland ~9000-14 000 tons of salt (5-15 %) Environmental benefits of reduced pollution and minimized use of salt Winter road maintenance service savings can reduce the total costs of winter road maintenance 8.6.2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

Note the change of scale 2 x Current Density 2 M€ = ~215 Stations 2 M€ = ~700 Sensors Note the change of scale 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

Implications & expectations Technology drives changes to governance and administration of weather data used in transport management Societal benefits increase if more users get better data, or if - ceteris paribus - observation and distribution costs can be lowered The Finnish experiments show that different value network constellations are possible E.g. either public-driven or commercially driven ecosystem The role of public met-organisations? 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

Contact information Toni Lusikka Pekka Leviäkangas Toni.lusikka@vtt.fi pekka.leviakangas@vtt.fi +358 40 636 1098 +358 40 6411 496 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious

Weather-related services Climate change Resilience Sustainability 08/06/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious