Chapter 12 and 13 The North and The South

1. The War of 1812 Trade with England was interrupted because of the War of 1812 when England blockaded our ports and Americans were forced to produce their own goods. As a result, the nation became part of the Industrial Revolution as factories and machinery replaced earlier methods of producing goods.

2. Characteristics of the Age of Industrialization Cotton Gin Textile Factory Railroad Expansion Influx of immigrants

3. Economies of North and South Economy based upon manufacturing, industry Immigrant labor force Majority of factories located in Northeast SOUTH Agricultural Slave labor Long growing season Favorable climate Most big cities located along the coast because they were shipping centers Most southern whites were yeoman, or owners of small farms

4. Inventions Cotton gin Processing cotton became more efficient Contributed to spread of slavery Interchangeable parts Made the standardization of goods possible (mass production Bessemer steel process Newly developed heating process to purify steel to make it stronger Telegraph First form of long-range communication

5. Textile Factories First factories in the U. S. Manufactured cloth (textiles) Location next to water sources in Northeast contributed to their success Unfavorable working conditions included health problems, unsafe conditions, loss of limbs and no maternity leave

6. Immigration during 1800s Large influx of immigrants provided labor for the nation’s factories. Irish immigrants migrated to the U. S. because of the Irish potato famine. German immigrants migrated to the U. S. because of political upheaval in their country.

7. People to Know Samuel Slater Stole designs from English factories to bring to U. S. Samuel Morse Invented the telegraph Francis Cabot Lowell Created a model factory town in Massachusetts Robert Fulton Operated the first successful steamboat Eli Whitney Developed idea of interchangeable parts Invented the cotton gin

8. Slavery Slavery was non-existent in the North because it did not fit the North’s economic purposes. Slavery was declining before the invention of the cotton gin because low crop prices led to a decrease in the demand for slaves.

9. Free Blacks Face Discrimination in the South Could not assemble together Could not obtain a formal education Required to carry papers at all times proving they were free Many states required them to leave the state because their presence encouraged slave rebellions.

10. Nat Turner’s Rebellion Effects: Slave codes were toughened. Slave families were separated.

11. Transportation Revolution Two new forms of transportation Steam-powered train Improved disbursement of industrial goods nationwide affected the nation’s economy. Steamboat Made river travel faster and more efficient Could carry larger amounts of cargo and people

12. Gibbons v. Ogden Increased the strength of the federal government Gave Congress the authority to regulate interstate commerce