2.5 The Southern Colonies A. Lord Baltimore’s Colony of Maryland 1. In 1632, Sir George Calvert persuaded King Charles I to grant him land for a colony in the Americas. a) He planned to build a colony for Roman Catholics. b) His colony was named Maryland after the Queen Henrietta Maria. 2. In the spring of 1634, about 200 colonists landed along the upper Chesapeake Bay. a) fish, crabs, oysters b) They hoped to start growing tobacco.

2.5 The Southern Colonies 3. Lord Baltimore appointed a governor and a council of advisors. a) Land grants were given to people who brought over servants, women, and children. b) In 1649 an Act of Toleration was passed to protect the religious rights of Christians, but not Jews. 4. English settlers continued to stream into MD. a) Newcomers had to push inland. b) Native American clashes with new settlers continued. c) The governor took no action to protect the new settlers because he was protecting his business decisions.

2.5 The Southern Colonies B. The Carolinas d) Settlers were furious. 5. In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, an ambitious young planter, organized angry men and women on the frontier. (backcountry) a) He raided Native American villages b) Went to Jamestown and burnt the capital. 6. This Bacon’s Rebellion lasted only a short time. a) Bacon died and the revolt fell apart. b) The governor hanged 23 colonists. B. The Carolinas

2.5 The Southern Colonies 1. South of Maryland and Virginia, English colonists settled in a region which they called the Carolinas. a) In 1663, a group of eight English nobles received a grant of land from King Charles II. b) Settlement took place in the north and the south. 2. In the northern part of the Carolinas, settlers were generally poor tobacco farmers who drifted down from VA. a) Small farms b) This became North Carolina in 1712.

2.5 The Southern Colonies 3. Farther south, the group of eight English nobles set up a larger colony. a) The largest settlement, Charles Town, sprang up where the Ashley and Cooper rivers met. b) Later, Charles Town’s name was shortened to Charleston. c) The colony became known as South Carolina in 1719. d) Most early settlers in SC were English people who were living in Barbados. 4. Around 1685, a few planters discovered that rice grew well in the swampy lowlands of the coast. a) When slaves arrived the crops became cash crops.

2.5 The Southern Colonies C. Georgia b) Settlers in SC later learned to raise indigo, a plant used to make a valuable dye. c) Soon after 1700, the African slaves outnumbered the European colonists by 2 to 1. C. Georgia 1. The last of England’s colonies was carved out of the southern part of South Carolina. a) James Oglethorpe, a respected English soldier and energetic reformer, founded Georgia in 1732. b) He wanted the new colony to be a place where debtors, people who owed money and could not pay the money back, could make a fresh start.

2.5 The Southern Colonies D. Two Ways of Life 2. Under English law, the government could imprison debtors until they paid what they owed. a) Oglethorpe offered to pay for debtors and other poor people to travel to Georgia. b) In 1733, Oglethorpe and 120 colonists built the colony’s first settlement at Savannah. D. Two Ways of Life 1. The Southern Colonies enjoyed warmer weather and a longer growing season than the colonies to the north. a) VA, MD, and NC all became major tobacco growing areas. b) SC and GA became indigo and rice producing areas.

2.5 The Southern Colonies 2. Colonists soon found that it was most profitable to raise tobacco and rice on large plantations. a) 20 -100 slaves did most of the work (field, skilled workers, and house chores) 3. The earliest planters settled along rivers and creeks of the coastal plain. a) This was the tidewater. b) Very rich farmland. 4. Farther inland, settlers still settled along rivers.

2.5 The Southern Colonies a) Rivers provided transportation. b) Due to multiple rivers having access to the sea, few big coastal seaports developed. 5. Only a small percentage of white southerners owned large plantations. a) Planters set the style of southern living. b) Great house 6. During the growing season, planters decided which fields to plant, what crops to grow, and when to harvest crops. a) Planters wives ran the household.

2.5 The Southern Colonies 7. Enslaved Africans played a crucial role on many plantations a) They used farming skills they used in West Africa. b) They taught English settlers about rice. 8. West of the Tidewater, life was very different. a) Base of the Appalachians. b) This area was known as the backcountry or frontier. c) Rich soil. 9. The backcountry was more democratic than the Tidewater. a) Settlers were more likely to treat others as equals. b) Men tended smaller fields of tobacco, beans, squash, corn, or peas.

2.5 The Southern Colonies E. Growth of Slavery and the Slave Trade. c) Also hunted game. d) self sufficient e) Few enslaved Africans worked on backcountry farms. 10. The hardships of backcountry life brought settlers closer together. E. Growth of Slavery and the Slave Trade. 1. In the early years, African in the English colonies included free people and servants as well as slaves. a) In the 1600s, even Africans who were enslaved enjoyed some freedom. b) It was clear as time went on that slaves received more restrictions with their freedom and movement. 2. By 1700, plantations in the Southern Colonies had come to rely on slave labor.

2.5 The Southern Colonies a) Slaves did the majority of the work on the plantation. 3. In Africa, as elsewhere around the world, slavery had been part of the social and economic system since ancient times. a) Slaves were usually people who were captured in war. b) African slaves were transported to all parts of the world. 4. Over a period of less than 400 years, as the transatlantic slave trade grew, millions of Africans were enslaved. a) Slave traders set up posts along the coast of West Africa. b) They offered guns and other goods in exchange for slaves.

2.5 The Southern Colonies c) Africans who lived along the coast went inland, captured other Africans, and marched them to the coast to be sold to the European slave traders. 5. In the 1700s, English sailors began referring to the passage of slave ships west across the Atlantic Ocean as the Middle Passage. a) They were put into slave ships under terrible conditions. 6. Many enslaved people resisted, but only a few escaped. 7. Records of slave ships show that about 10 percent of Africans loaded aboard a ship for passage to the Americas died during the voyage.

2.5 The Southern Colonies 8. As the importance of slavery increased, greater limits were placed on the rights of slaves. a) Colonists passed laws that set out rules for slaves. b) These slave codes treated enslaved Africans not as human beings but as property. 9. Most English colonists did not question the justice of owning slaves. a) They believed that black Africans were inferior to white Europeans. b) The belief that one race is superior to another is called racism. 10. In 1688, Quakers from PA called to an end of slavery.