9-3: World War I, 1914-1918.

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Presentation transcript:

9-3: World War I, 1914-1918

Thematic Learning Objectives NAT 1.0 Explain how ideas about democracy, freedom, and individualism found expression in the development of cultural values, political institutions, and American identity. NAT 3.0 Analyze how ideas about national identity changed in response to U.S. involvement in international conflicts and the growth of the United States. WOR 2.0 Analyze the reasons for and results of U.S. diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in North America and overseas.

Key Concept Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.

Overview Ongoing debates about U.S. role in the world How to best achieve national security?

Neutrality Beginning of the War Submarine Warfare Neutrality proclamation Neutral rights Submarine Warfare British blockade of Germany Sinking of the Lusitania and Sussex Sussex Pledge and renewal of submarine warfare

Neutrality Zimmermann Note Links with Britain and France Germany proposed alliance with Mexico Links with Britain and France Economic Ties 370% increase in exports to Allies 7,000% decrease in exports to Central Powers Psychological and Ethnic Ties Traditions, propaganda

Declaration of War Wilson’s War Message German violations of freedom of the seas German killings of Americans German interference with Mexico Making the world “safe for democracy” Reshaping world through progressive principles

Declaration of War Preparedness U.S. quite prepared Build-up of Navy under T. Roosevelt Army enlarged in 1915 due to war in Europe Selective Service Act (draft)

Mobilization Financing the War Congress empowered Wilson to direct U.S. economy War Boards War Industries Board War Labor Board Fuel Administration Board Food Administration Board Liberty bonds Income taxes on the wealthy

Mobilization Public Opinion and Civil Liberties Propaganda Committee on Public Information Aroused public support Stifled opposition Voluntary censorship of the press War Bonds Prohibition Espionage and Sedition Acts Schenck v. United States “clear and present danger”

Mobilization Effects on American Society More Jobs for Women Migration Great Migration of African Americans Conflict following return of white troops Increased Mexican immigration

American Expeditionary Force General John Pershing Most fighting in France Germany halted at 2nd Battle of the Marne Final counteroffensive and German surrender