How Fast Do Elevated Temperatures Reach the Cell Interior? The goal is to determine whether high welding temperatures during manufacturing create significant enough temperature propagation within the cell to cause irreversible damage (e.g. electrolyte decomposition, capacity loss) Using heat transfer modeling, engineers discovered that welding can, in fact, induce irreversible damage, but also that laser welding causes moderate temperature propagation and thus no damage. COMSOL News 2017: Gerd Liebig, Pamina Bohn, NEXT ENERGY, Germany Simulated temperature distributions from tab welding at 1100 °C after 4 seconds of thermal stressing (left) and 4 seconds after the heat has been removed (right)