Christmas Car Crash Lecture: Road Safety

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Presentation transcript:

Christmas Car Crash Lecture: Road Safety 08 June 2019 Objective To understand how kinetic energy can help to explain dangers on the roads and how a knowledge of momentum has helped to minimise the impact of crashes.

Outcomes ALL MUST understand the factors that affect kinetic energy and why the speed a vehicle travels at is much more important than what it weighs. MOST SHOULD be able to describe what momentum is and what happens to the impact force if the time for the impact is greater. SOME COULD explain why the impact force changes when the time for the impact is greater.

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Volunteers faces

Collisions There are two things we need to look at in a collision: The Momentum and Impact Force And The Energy in the collision.

twice the energy – twice the hurt!! Kinetic energy Mass or Speed? KE=1/2 m v2, e.g: ½ 10 102 = 500 J ½ 20 102 = 1000 J twice the energy – twice the hurt!! Mass (doubles) Kinetic Energy (doubles)

So if you double the mass so does the amount of KE you have.

4 times the energy – 4 times the hurt!!!! But if your speed doubles the amount of kinetic energy goes up by 4 because; KE=1/2 m v2 e.g: ½ 10 102 = 500 J ½ 10 202 = 2000 J 4 times the energy – 4 times the hurt!!!! Velocity (doubles) Kinetic Energy (quadruples)

So if you double the speed you quadruple the KE you have.

Demo dropping stuff on faces and jelly…

demo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8E5dUnLmh4

Momentum What is momentum? Volunteer Skateboard ….gun

MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY What is momentum? Ping pong ball Medicine ball MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY

Impact Force If we are in a crash how do car manufacturers help to reduce the impact? Seatbelts Airbags Crumple zones

Impact Force If we are in a crash how do car manufacturers help to reduce the impact? Seatbelts Airbags Crumple zones

Impact Force If we are in a crash how do car manufacturers help to reduce the impact? Seatbelts Airbags Crumple zones

What do seatbelts, airbags and crumple zones do? They all increase the time that a collision takes place and so reduce the impact force.

Volunteers please – 1 to start – catching a cricket ball 3 more please Eggs….

Impact Force Impact Force = change in momentum time for impact Impact Force is the Rate of change of Momentum Impact Force = change in momentum time for impact e.g: 10 = 5 Newtons 2 10 = 1 Newton 10 Impact Force (gets smaller) Time of impact (gets bigger)

Change in momentum and impact force When the change in momentum is the same but the time over which it happens gets bigger, the Impact Force gets smaller. The bigger the contact time in a collision, the less it hurts!!!!

Comparing safety features http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcTf78b8WfY

Plenary What 2 factors affect kinetic energy? Explain why the speed a vehicle travels is more important than what it weighs when describing how safe it is on the road. What is momentum? What happens to the impact force if the time for the impact is greater? Explain why the impact force changes when the time for the impact is greater.