Atomic Structure OVERVIEW

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Solving atomic calculations: Working with: – Elements – Isotopes – Ions – Atomic # – Atomic mass – Charge.

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Structure OVERVIEW “Normal” Atoms Ions Isotopes

BUT — We are NOT guessing! “Unseeable” Atoms Rutherford Experiment: RECAP: What we know about atoms is based on indirect evidence. So, we really have “models” of atoms that may not be exactly right. Electron Nucleus Hydrogen Spectrum (Bohr): www.teachnet.ie BUT — We are NOT guessing!

“Normal” Atoms Protons Neutrons Electrons Nucleus Protons Neutrons Electrons ★ Number of protons is constant for each element

“Normal” Atoms 7 Li LITHIUM 3 ★ Atomic NUMBER = number of protons

“Normal” Atoms Lithium = RULE 1: PROTONS DETERMINE IDENTITY !

Ions Protons Neutrons Electrons ★ Electrons USUALLY = Protons

Ions Protons Neutrons Electrons ★ Electrons can be added or removed to form IONS

Ions Protons Neutrons Electrons RULE 2: ELECTRONS DETERMINE CHEMISTRY!

Isotopes Protons Neutrons Electrons ★ Neutrons can vary among atoms of the same element

Isotopes Protons Neutrons Electrons ★ Isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons

Isotopes ★ Atomic MASS = protons + neutrons 7 Li LITHIUM 3

YLDOI: Are You Smarter Than a First Grader? 1 st PART 1: Sally has 11 nickels and dimes in her piggy bank. If 5 of them are nickels, how many dimes does she have?

YLDOI: Are You Smarter Than a First Grader? B BORON 5 11 1 st PART 2: How many neutrons does boron have?

YLDOI: Are You Smarter Than a First Grader? 1 st PART 3: How many neutrons does R.E.D. have?

Isotopes Protons Neutrons Electrons RULE 3: NEUTRONS DETERMINE STABILITY!