CHAPTER 28 PROGRESSIVISM AND THE REPUBLICAN ROOSEVELT

Progressive’s Background? PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT Reform movement of the early 1900’s Focused on the evils of monopolies, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice Believed in using the GOVERNMENT to solve these problems!!!! Progressives made up of MIDDLE CLASS individuals Progressive’s Background? Greenback Labor Party Populist Party PROGRESSIVE PARTY Progressives DID NOT believe in “laissez-faire policy in government!!!!!! I CAN DESCRIBE THE PURPOSE OF AND HISTORY OF THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

Early Progressive Writers Muckrakers Name given by Theodore Roosevelt to writers who exposed the negative things about society in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 10 Most Famous Muckrakers: Early Progressive Writers Henry Demarest Lloyd – Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894), written in protest against the Standard Oil Co. Thorstein Veblen – The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), savage attack on predatory wealth. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives (1890), told of the harsh life in NYC slums. Theodore Dreiser – The Financier (1912) and The Titan (1914), battered promoters and profiteers. Lincoln Steffers – wrote a series of articles entitled The Shame of the Cities, unmasked corrupt alliance between big businesses and government. 6. Ida M. Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Co., written against Standard Oil Co. 7. David Phillips – The Treason of the Senate (1906), said 75 senators supported the RR’s and trusts but not the people. 8. Ray Stannard Baker – Following the Colored Line (1908), told of the sorry treatment of America’s blacks. 9. John Spargo – The Bitter Cry of the Children (1906) told of the abuses of child labor. 10. Upton Sinclair – The Jungle (1906) exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry. “He aimed at the nation’s heart but hit it’s stomach.” I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY EARLY PROGRESSIVE LEADERS IN THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

Progressive Magazines of early 1900s McClure’s Cosmopolitan Collier’s Everybody’s I CAN LIST EARLY PROGRESSIVE MAGAZINES OF THE EARLY 1900’S

10 Most Famous Muckrakers: Name given by Theodore Roosevelt to writers who exposed the negative things about society in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 10 Most Famous Muckrakers: Henry Demarest Lloyd – Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894), written in protest against the Standard Oil Co. Thorstein Veblen – The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), savage attack on predatory wealth. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives (1890), told of the harsh life in NYC slums. Theodore Dreiser – The Financier (1912) and The Titan (1914), battered promoters and profiteers. Lincoln Steffens– wrote a series of articles entitled The Shame of the Cities, unmasked corrupt alliance between big businesses and government. 6. Ida M. Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Co., written against Standard Oil Co. 7. David Phillips – The Treason of the Senate (1906), said 75 senators supported the RR’s and trusts but not the people. 8. Ray Stannard Baker – Following the Colored Line (1908), told of the sorry treatment of America’s blacks. 9. John Spargo – The Bitter Cry of the Children (1906) told of the abuses of child labor. 10. Upton Sinclair – The Jungle (1906) exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry. “He aimed at the nation’s heart but hit it’s stomach.” I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY EARLY MUCKRAKERS

Progressive Platform: Direct Primary – the little election before the big election, usually held in May. *Initiative – voter-proposed legislation. *Referendums – yes or no ballots, such as wet or dry. Recall – removing an elected official. Limit amount of money spent on campaigns. Limit who could donate to campaigns. *Australian Secret Ballot. *Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment) Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment) Prohibition – abolish sale of alcohol. * Part of the former Populist Platform I CAN EXPLAIN AND DISCUSS THE MAJOR GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

PROGRESSIVES IN THE CITY Progressives focused on inefficiency and corruption in the cities Problem: Inefficiency in government Solution: City-Manager System Problem: Corruption in government Solution: City-Manager System Galveston, Texas I CAN DESCRIBE PROGRESSIVISM AT THE CITY LEVEL

PROGRESSIVES IN STATES Wisconsin California New York Charles Evans Hughes “Fighting Bob” LaFollette Hiram Johnson I CAN DESCRIBE PROGRESSIVISM AT THE STATE LEVEL AND LEADERS

PROGRESSIVE WOMEN: ISSUES Muller v. Oregon Florence Kelley We are the world, we are the children… Women big part of the Progressive Movement Focused on issues like moral issues or “maternal” issues Florence Kelley Focused on child labor and improved factory conditions (see next slide) Muller v. Oregon SC case that said women COULD BE protected in factory labor work Women also focused on anti-liquor laws as part of their Progressive reforms I CAN EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF PROGRESSIVE WOMEN LEADERS

Triangle Shirtwaist Company A fire incinerated tens of dozens of this company’s female workers. Put the focus on factory reforms and worker safety laws I CAN DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS OF THE TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE

The Three C’s Control of Corporations Consumer Protection Square Deal Teddy Roosevelt’s political program. The Three C’s Control of Corporations Consumer Protection Conservation of Natural Resources I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL

CONTROL OF CORPORATIONS TR known as the “trustbuster”! ELKINS ACT Interstate Commerce Act created to regulate railroads—NO TEETH Elkins Act gave some teeth by enforcing rules on rebates HEPBURN ACT Gave more teeth Hepburn Act focused on restricting free passes and bribery of railroads TRUSTS!!!!! Focus of TR’s control of corporations Distinguished between “good” trusts and “bad” trusts Broke up Northern Securities Company of JP Morgan TR known as the “trustbuster”! I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL AND EXPLAIN THEM

Anthracite Coal Strike 1902 Strike caused by immigrants in Pennsylvania because they were being used and exploited. Workers wanted 2 things: Teddy Roosevelt intervened and made a compromise with the strikers” Miners get 10% pay boost Work hours cut from 10 to 9 20% increase in pay Work hours cut from 10 to 9 I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL AND EXPLAIN THEM

I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL AND EXPLAIN THEM CARE FOR CONSUMERS Upton Sinclair Author of The Jungle The Jungle was about the bad parts of the meatpacking industry Led to…. Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL AND EXPLAIN THEM

CARE FOR CONSERVATION Newlands Act—sale of public lands used to fund irrigation projects Built dozen of new dams Much of the US forests put under Federal control TR banned Christmas trees from the White House I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL AND EXPLAIN THEM

Roosevelt Panic 1907 Caused by overspeculation. Resulted in: bankruptcies bank failures unemployment soup lines

I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR CANDIDATES AND WINNER OF THE ELECTION OF 1908 Hand-picked by TR to succeed him Taft will be the REAL “Trustbuster” William H. Taft William J. Bryan I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR CANDIDATES AND WINNER OF THE ELECTION OF 1908

Four Major Contributions by TR He kept capitalism healthy by steering us away from socialism. He greatly enlarged the power and prestige of the presidential office. He helped shape and move the Progressive movement forward. He helped move us away from Isolationism. I CAN LIST AND DISCUSS THE FOUR MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF T. ROOSEVELT’S PRESIDENCY

Dollar Diplomacy Name of William Howard Taft’s foreign policy. Use foreign policy to protect Wall Street money abroad. Use Wall Street dollars to uphold foreign policy. I CAN DESCRIBE DOLLAR DIPLOMACY AND WHO IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH

Four Things That Split TR & Taft Payne-Aldrich Tariff Ballinger-Pinchot Affair (Taft dismissed Pinchot) U.S. Steel Trust Joe Cannon “Uncle Joe,” Speaker of the House, Progressives wanted him removed. I CAN LIST THE FOUR THINGS THAT SPLIT T. ROOSEVELT AND WM. H. TAFT’S RELATIONSHIP