Cardiovascular System Chapter 9 -2

ROLE - BLOOD Transport oxygen from the __________ to the _________ , collects ____________ from the tissues and brings it back to the lungs to be expelled Distributes nutrients, collects waste products and delivers them to organs that excrete, carries hormones to cells, maintains fluid content of tissues, regulates temperature Blood is normally ________of the animal’s body weight

BLOOD ~60 % liquid: ________________ ______, __________, ___________fluid component of blood 90% ____________, 10% solutes – mainly protein (ex: fibrinogen which clots blood. When clotting elements are removed, the liquid is called __________________) Also contains some nutrients and some end products of metabolism, gases, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and antibodies. ~40 % ___________________ red blood cells (_______________), white blood cells (___________), platelets (__________________) Viscous color varies from _________________ (oxygenated blood) to _____________ (deoxygenated blood)

ERYTHROCYTES (red blood cells) Small ______________, _______________discs HEMOGLOBIN (_________-containing pigment that gives blood its red color when combined with oxygen) Hemoglobin binds oxygen and transports it on the RBC from the lungs to the tissues. It then picks up carbon dioxide from the tissues and the body expels the carbon dioxide on expiration.

Anemia If an animal has an iron-deficiency, hemoglobin is reduced and the overall number of RBCs is reduced, producing an anemia. Hypochromasia (less color)

LEUKOCYTES: WBC, nucleated GRANULOCYTES White blood cells that originate in the _____________ Have a lobed nucleus & cytoplasm Have ____________ within the cytoplasm Classified according to staining of the granules _____________, _____________, ______________ AGRANULOCYTES White blood cells that mature in the __________________ Have a clear, ____________cytoplasm ________________-shaped nucleus __________________, _____________________

Granules stain orange/red Cell that detoxifies proteins produced by allergens or parasitic infections. Granules stain orange/red Phagocytic cell that has a pink/grey cytoplasm with neutral staining granules Red/Blue granules Assist eosinophils Function somewhat unknown. Granules stain dark purple.

THROMBOCYTES THROMBOCYTES (platelets) ____________________ originate by breaking off in pieces from the megakaryocte function in ___________, adhere to uneven or damaged surfaces once adhered, they release substances to contract blood vessels and promote clotting

Scanning electron micrograph of blood cells Scanning electron micrograph of blood cells. From left to right: human erythrocyte, thrombocyte, leukocyte