Clinical renoprotection trials involving angiotensin II-receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors  Barry M. Brenner, Joann Zagrobelny  Kidney International  Volume 63, Pages S77-S85 (February 2003) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s83.16.x Copyright © 2003 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Cumulative proportions of patients with the primary composite endpoint (A) and individual components, doubling of baseline serum creatinine concentration (B), end-stage renal disease (ESRD; C). Mean follow-up time was 2.6 years. Kidney International 2003 63, S77-S85DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s83.16.x) Copyright © 2003 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Trough arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, mean, and pulse). Abbreviations are: P, placebo; L, losartan; +CT, conventional therapy. Mean follow-up time was 3.4 years (42 months). Kidney International 2003 63, S77-S85DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s83.16.x) Copyright © 2003 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier curves of the percentage of patients with the primary composite endpoint (A) and individual components of the primary composite endpoint, namely, doubling of serum creatinine (B), end-stage renal disease (C), and the combined endpoint of end-stage renal disease or death (D) in the losartan and placebo arms. Symbols are: (dashed line) placebo; (solid line) losartan. Mean follow-up time was 3.4 years (42 months). In the terminal months of the study, the losartan and placebo curves tended to converge. Such convergence is specific to one component of the primary endpoint, namely, doubling of serum creatinine concentration (Panel 1B). This pattern, also seen previously in Type 1 diabetic patients13, may be due in part to the higher risk profile (i.e., higher baseline serum creatinine and urine protein concentrations) of those patients in the losartan group who remained event-free until month 40, as compared to the placebo group. Kidney International 2003 63, S77-S85DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s83.16.x) Copyright © 2003 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Changes in proteinuria from baseline. Proteinuria was measured as the urine albumin:creatinine ratio in a first morning specimen. Abbreviations are: P, placebo; L, losartan; +CT, plus conventional therapy. Mean follow-up time was 3.4 years (42 months). P = 0001. Kidney International 2003 63, S77-S85DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s83.16.x) Copyright © 2003 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Kaplan-Meier curve of the percentage of patients who were hospitalized for heart failure in the losartan and placebo arms. Curves represent time to first hospitalization. Subsequent hospitalizations for heart failure were not assessed. Abbreviations are: P, placebo; L, losartan; +CT, plus conventional therapy. Mean follow-up time was 3.4 years (42 months), risk reduction was 32% and P = 0.005. Kidney International 2003 63, S77-S85DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s83.16.x) Copyright © 2003 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions