Revolution and Civil War in Russia 14.5 Notes Revolution and Civil War in Russia

5 steps The first revolution (the March revolution) The provisional government The second revolution (the November revolution) The beginnings of the communist era The civil war and the Red’s victory

Tsars 1913- 300th anniversary of the Romanov Family in Russia Tsar-Nicholas Tsarina-Alexandra She believed that they were too loved for the people to overthrow

Tsar Nicholas, Alexandra, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei

Unrest Russia was slow to industrialize Peasants were in poverty Nicholas has failed to solve Russia’s problems, even after the Russia Revolution of 1905 He was a weak and ineffective leader who didn’t allow change He used a secret police to enforce his will

Revolution Some hoped peasants would revolt The communists tried to ignite revolution through the proletariat Time for revolution was coming

Impact of WWI WWI fueled pride in Russians WWI quickly strained Russia They didn’t have enough supplies Many men had no rifles, no ammunition By 1915, Russian casualties were 2 million Nicholas II goes to the front-bad decision

Alexandra and Rasputin With Nicholas gone, Alexandra was in charge She had a sick son and looked to Gregory Rasputin “holy man” for help He influenced her and weakened the government Russian nobles killed Rasputin on December 29, 1916.

Rasputin

Tsar Steps down March 1917, disasters in war, shortages of food at home, workers on strike The women were rioting in the streets over bread so the Tsar abdicated A provisional government was set up by the Duma The Bolsheviks soon took charge-V.I. Lenin

Lenin Changed his name when he became a revolutionary His older brother was killed for plotting to kill the tsar He and his family hated the tsarist government

Lenin Followed Karl Marx He married Nadezhda Krupskaya They were arrested and sent to Siberia They were exiled into Switzerland and worked tirelessly to spread revolutionary ideas Lenin’s group of elites to start the revolution he named the Bolsheviks-meaning majority

Change Many socialists thought that change would be gradual and include moderate reforms, higher wages, increased suffrage, and social welfare programs Bolsheviks said that only revolution could bring change Germany helped Lenin come home from exile “Long live the world wide Socialist Revolution”

November Revolution Lenin had help from Leon Trotsky Lenin promised , “Peace, Land, and Bread” Troops were tired, peasants were starving, the provisional government were making mistakes, this was the perfect time for a take over In a couple days, Lenin’s forces took over the provisional government

They ended private ownership Distributed land to peasants Workers were given control of factories and mines A new flag with a hammer and a sickle symbolized union between the workers and peasants Bolsheviks would be renamed communists

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Peace with Germany Russia lost land but it was worth it to Lenin to focus on the Civil War at home Reds vs. Whites Britain, U.S., and France sent troops to help the Whites

Civil War Was brutal Communists were slaughtered Many tried to assassinate Lenin Communists kill the Tsar and his family in July 1918 to keep them from being a rallying point for revolutionary forces

Video clip Death of the royal family – 3 minutes long http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODyts0L-qlE

Victory in Civil War Communists used terror against Reds and Whites They organized a Cheka-secret police Forced labor camps Communists took over banks, factories, mines, railroads Peasants were drafted in the military, forced to hand over all crops to the government 1921-Communists win the civil war

Soviet Union 1922-Union of Soviet Socialists Republic (USSR), or Soviet Union Government held all the power and ruled like the Tsar with absolute rule He created a New Economic Policy (NEP) this was a mix between communism and capitalism This would be temporary to appease the people and would soon return to pure communism

Stalin Lenin dies in 1924 at 54 yrs. Old There was a battle for power between Trotsky and Stalin Stalin had Trotsky murdered in Mexico Stalin would be a ruthless dictator

Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzPqdCggOH8 Evidence of the remains (23 minutes National Geographic) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edzMiReKyAI Anastasia trailer