Earthquakes & Seismic Waves

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Presentation transcript:

Earthquakes & Seismic Waves

An Earthquake occurs when energy is released through rapid movement along a fault. A fault is a crack in the Earth’s outer Crust. Most faults are located along Earth’s plate boundaries. Plate boundaries can be Divergent, Convergent, or Transform. Most E-quakes are not felt because they occur under the ocean water.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwtFuG_M4EE

Underwater E-quake Fault movement along the ocean floor moves the water up and down which can create a massive wave called a “Tsunami”.

Tsunami

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6u-6Yy6NkA

Current Earthquake Data….. http://ds.iris.edu/seismon/

Parts of an Earthquake: Focus That is the point along the fault line where the rock under stress breaks.

Parts of an Earthquake: Epicenter Is the point on the earth’s surface directly above the Focus.

Parts of an Earthquake: Focal Depth This is the distance between the Focus and the Epicenter. The smaller the depth, the more damage an Earthquake can have.

Parts of an Earthquake: Seismic Waves Energy from an Earthquake is carried away from the focus as Seismic Waves. There are many different types of waves. We will concentrate on the two most prominent.

Parts of an Earthquake: Primary Waves P Waves The fastest seismic wave. Arrives at recording stations first (Primary). P waves can travel through solids, liquids or gases. (all layers of the Earth)

Secondary Waves S Waves Arrives at recording stations second (secondary). S Waves can only travel through solids

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOGoKCK17a4

Seismograph Instruments that detect and measure seismic waves are called Seismographs.

Seismogram The tracing on the drum is called a seismogram. The different types of waves make different tracings on the seismogram. Seismographs are buried under ground so they can feel the vibrations of the waves.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSgB1IWr6O4

History of Earthquakes Largest In Magnitude Date Location Magnitude May 22nd, 1960 Chile 9.5 March 28th, 1964 Alaska 9.2 December 26th, 2004 Sumatra (Ocean) 9.1 March 11th, 2011 Japan (Ocean) 9.0 February 27th, 2010 Chile 8.8 Largest In Destruction Date Location Deaths Magnitude Jan 25th, 1556 China 830,000 8 July 27th, 1976 China 655,000 7.5 Aug. 9th, 1138 Syria 230,000 Unknown Dec. 26th, 2004 Sumatra 227,898 9.1 Jan. 12th, 2010 Haiti 222,570 7.0

Locating an Earthquake Epicenter… To find where the an Earthquake originates you need wave data from 3 recording stations. Circles are drawn around these stations. Where the 3 circles connect is where the earthquake originated.