Period 3: 1754-1800 Whats the significance of the election of 1800 regarding the transition of power? APUSH

1. French and Indian War (1754-1763) Scotch-Irish Protestant Scottish settlers who migrated form British-controlled northern Ireland to the American colonies in the 1700s After migrating to the Pennsylvania frontier, found themselves thrust into the British-French conflict French and Indian War (Seven Years War)* Imperial war between Britain and France for control of North America, beginning in 1754 Became a large scale European War in 1765 Native Americans generally supported the French British Defeat of the French Under the Treaty of Paris, which ended the French and Indian War, Britain gained possession of all of French Canada and Spanish Florida France got lucrative sugar colonies in the Caribbean Britain at peace for the first time in 50 years

2. Effects of the French and Indian War on Native Americans Proclamation Line of 1763 Britain established a boundary in the Appalachian Mountains Banned colonists from settling west of the boundary Designed to prevent conflict with the Native Americans

3. American Independence from Great Britain Sugar Act, 1764 British law that taxed sugar and other colonial imports to pay for some of Britain’s expenses in protecting the colonies during the French and Indian War Stamp Act, 1765 British law that established a direct tax in the colonies on written documents, including newspapers, legal documents and playing cards Protests led to its repeal in 1766 Declaratory Act, 1766 The British Parliament asserted they had “the sole and exclusive right” to tax the colonists Rejecting idea that power to tax should lie in the hands of the colonial assemblies

3. American Independence from Great Britain John Dickinson, Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer Dickinson was a landowner and lawyer who published 12 letters opposing taxation with out representation He said that it violated the colonists’ rights as English citizens Boston Massacre, 1770 British troops killed five colonists by firing on a mob of people who had been taunting them and throwing stones

Homework! #2 a, c #3 c, e- Reading: 82-96 (excluding 88-89)

4. Leaders of the Movement for American Independence Ben Franklin* American writer, scientist, inventor and diplomat Significant leader of the American independence movement Negotiated the Treaty of Alliance with France during the American Revolution Also negotiated the treaty ending the American Revolution Attended the Constitutional convention in 1787

5. Philosophy of the American Independence Movement John Locke Philosopher who believed government believed on the will of the governed Life Liberty and Property The Enlightenment (Age of Reason)* 18th century philosophical movement in Europe Emphasized individualism and reason Republican form of government* Free people govern themselves through elected representatives Why cant you just shoot people? Why do we follow laws?

5. Philosophy of the American Independence Movement Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Common Sense was a pamphlet that attacked the British monarchy, calling for American independence from Britain Declaration of Independence Formal statement declaring colonies free of Britain Put quote here

5. Philosophy of the American Independence Movement Adam Smith Scottish philosopher whose ideas helped fuel the creation of the market system in the US Believed free market competition would benefit society as a whole Why is it good to have more than one person who sells bread? (incentive for a wide variety of goods and services)

6. Reasons for American Success in the War for Independence George Washington* Commander in Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution

7. Effects of the American Revolution on the ideas of Liberty and Family Republican motherhood* A view of womanhood after the American Revolution Stressed the importance of the role of the mother in the “traditional” family Mothers were expected to instill “republican values” in their children Patriotism, honor etc. How has the role of women changed over time? What about colonialism? Farming days?

7. Effects of the American Revolution on the ideas of Liberty and Family French Revolution, 1789 Period of radical social and political change throughout Europe Began with an uprising against the King of France

8. Articles of Confederation First constitution of the United States Created an extremely limited scope of powers Emphasized states rights over federal power Congress could make taxation decisions, but lacked enforcement power What are some things that would have influenced their choice to make the Articles so limited?

9. Creation of the U.S. Constitution Constitutional Convention, 1787 Convention to write a new constitution for he US Met May-September in 1787 Great Compromise Compromise at the convention that decided that Congress would have two houses Senate House of Representatives Anti-Federalists* People who opposed the ratification of the US constitution Arguments included fear that the US President would become another king, and fear of the federal government having too much power Federalist Papers, 1787-1788* 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison and John Jay, defending the new US constitution

10. Creation of the U.S. Constitution George Washington* Leader of the American Revolution who presided at the Constitutional Convention before becoming the first President of the US Bill of Rights, 1791* During the ratification of the Constitution demands for greater guarantees of rights resulted in a promise for the addition of a Bill of Rights Added in 1791

10. Creation of the U.S. Constitution John Adams* Revolutionary leader that played a key role in the vote for American Independence After the revolution served as a minister to Great Britain First Vice President of the United States, second President Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan Introduced policies to fund the federal debt at par Federal assumption of state banks First Bank of the United States Privately owned bank that operated as both a commercial bank and a fiscal agent for the US government Based in Philadelphia, granted a 20 year charter in 1791 by Congress

10. Creation of the U.S. Constitution Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 Laws passed by the US Congress that prevented immigrants from participating in politics and to silence those who criticized the Federalist Party and the US Government Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798 Statements authored secretly by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson in response to Alien and Sedition Acts Resolutions asserted state rights to veto federal legislation

11. Us Foreign Policy, 1783-1800 Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793 Without using the world “neutrality” Washington proclaimed the US would give no military support to the French in their war against Britain US had a treaty of alliance with France and Washington didn’t formally deny it when he gave his statement XYZ Affair, 1797 American envoys to France were told they needed to loan money to France and bribe government officials in order to meet with French officials Led to a “Quasi-War” with France that lasted until 1800

12. Formation of Political Parties Washington’s Farewell Address, 1796 President Washington warned about the dangers of divisive political parties and permanent foreign alliances “One Last Time” Federalist Party Political party associated with Alexander Hamilton Supported Britain in its war against France Strong federal government, loose interpretation of the constitution Supported First National Bank Democratic-Republican Party Political party associated with Thomas Jefferson Supported states rights and strict interpretation of the constitution Opposed First National Bank

12. Formation of Political Parties Thomas Jefferson Chief author of the Declaration of Independence Governor of Virginia during the American Revolution US Minister to France after the revolution Third president of the US Leader of the Republican-Democratic Party James Madison Virginia planter, political theorist Delegate to the Constitutional Convention Work in creating the Bill of Rights and the constitution earned him the title “Father of the Constitution” Alexander Hamilton First Secretary of the Treasury Funded the national debt through taxes, tariffs and the sale of western land Used the power of the national government to assume state debts and create a Bank of the United States

13. Slavery and the New Nation Pennsylvania Gradual Emancipation Law that made Pennsylvania the first state to abolish slavery No child born after the Gradual Emancipation would be enslaved Why is it significant that Pennsylvania is the first state to outlaw slavery?

14. Native Americans and the New Nation Iroquois Confederation A league of five (later six) Iroquois nations that was a powerful force influencing French, Dutch, and British policy in the northeastern colonies for over 200 years Chief Little Turtle Formed the Western Confederation in the northwest territories Fought against colonization from the US and won a few victories in the 1790s Defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794 Kentucky rifleman defeate3d several Native American tribes, bringing an end to Native American resistance Treaty of Grenville, 1795 US agrees to buy land from Native American tribes that would later become Ohio Why is geography significant when talking about the Iroquois vs the Western Confederation

15. The Westward Movement before 1800 Northwest Ordinances* A series of ordinances, or declarations issued under the Articles of Confederation Provided a way to admit new states to the union Promoted public education and the protection of private property Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory