How has jazz terminology changed over time?

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Presentation transcript:

How has jazz terminology changed over time? Finding Trends in Jazz Terminology Using TIME Magazine Corpus Olivia Herschel American University Question How has jazz terminology changed over time? So much of Jazz is intertwined in language, and so much of that language also has to do with coded language around race and culture Goal: shed light on the evolution of culture, language, music, and people Results Collocates: most themes resulted in collocates relating to jazz terminology. Therefore, jazz terminology is a closed relationship that rarely mixes with other lexigraphy's. However, the discrepancies are interesting to note: Ellington: Most Pop Coll- Duke, 2nd Most Pop Coll.- Armstrong Jazz Band: Most Pop Coll- Dixieland, 2nd Most Pop Coll.-Orleans Bebop: Most Pop Coll- Jazz, 2nd Most Pop Coll.- Swing Frequency: themes including Musicians, Instruments, Elements of Music, and Dance Lingo have highest frequency rates in the 1940-1950s. Discrepancies to note: Duke Ellington most commonly published in the 1990s Slide Guitar most commonly published in the 2000s Improvisation most commonly published in the 1990s, then in the 1960s Bebop most commonly published 1990s, then in the 1940s Method Select terms- the chosen words came from McRae’s list of jazz dictionaries and glossaries (terms chosen in attempt to conduct a well-rounded study with terminology taken from different genres, eras, and cultural themes of jazz culture) Run Data- explore trends and their use by using collocates and frequency as a way to explore relationships between terms in TIME Collocates: Allows the user to see what words occur near other words m Frequency: The rank-ordered list of words or phrases in the results set Figure 1: Initial list of terms Figure 2: Original research from TIME Magazine Corpus: Instruments Term Most Pop Coll. 2nd Most Pop Coll. Most Pop Decade 2nd Most Pop Decade Trombone Trumpet Choir 1960s 1940s Player Call 1950s Slide Guitar His Snaky 2000s 1990s Xylophone Vibraphone Like 1930s Saxophone Playing Musicians Instruments “Elements of Music” Genre Dance Lingo Drug Lingo Phrases Albert Ayler Trombone So what chord Bebop Jitterbug Vipers Dead soldier Charlie Parker Trumpet Lick Bop Swing Weed hounds Giggle water John Coltrane Slide guitar Jam Session Blues Jive Tea Man House feathers Benny Goodman Bottleneck guitar Improvisation Fusion Boogie Woogie Muggles Copacetic Bessie Smith Kazoo Rhythm Ensemble Charleston Heroin Fuzzy Billie Holiday Dog house Riff Ragtime Lindy Hop Razz References Ake, David. "Re-Masculating Jazz: Ornette Coleman, "Lonely Woman," and the New York Jazz Scene in the Late 1950s." American Music 16, no. 1 (1998): 25-44. Brown, Lee B. “Postmodernist Jazz Theory: Afrocentrism, Old and New.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism (1999): 235-246. Davies, Mark. “TIME Magazine Corpus: 100 million words, 1920s-2000s.” Guldi, Joanna. "The History of Walking and the Digital Turn: Stride and Lounge in London, 1808–1851." The Journal of Modern History, (March 2012): 116-144. McRae, Rick. ""What Is Hip?" and Other Inquiries in Jazz Slang Lexicography." Notes 57, no. 3 (2001): 574-84.