What is Rippe Lifestyle institute? One of the leading research, communication, and health promotion organizations in the world Conducting gold standard clinical research into the health impact of daily lifestyle habits and practices for over 25 years

Hierarchy of evidence in evidence based medicine Decreasing bias Systematic Reviews & meta-analyses RCTs Non-randomized controlled trials (NRCT) Cohorts studies Case-control studies Cross-sectional studies Case series/time series Expert opinion http://www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/index.html

Rippe Lifestyle Institute Studied between 1,000 and 1,500 individuals Exploring health effects of added sugars, in every instance using SSBs Dosage ranges between the 20th and 95th percent population consumption levels (U.S. data) Periods up to 24 weeks Prospective, blinded, randomized controlled trials

No adverse effects, and no differences at different dosage levels on the following health related parameters: Blood Lipids Blood Pressure Weight Gain Weight Loss Body Composition Blood Glucose Insulin Insulin Resistance Ectopic Fat Deposition Energy Regulating Hormones (Insulin, Leptin, Ghrelin) Uric Acid Appetite Neurologic Response Blood flow to hypothalamus Cognitive response Risk Factors for Heart Disease Risk Factors for Diabetes Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome Findings have been: Presented in 30 academic articles published in peer reviewed journals Presented at 57 peer reviewed academic medical and scientific conferences.

Conclusions No adverse health effects from added sugars found at multiple levels of human consumption within the normal range in RCTs lasting up to 24 weeks. No differences between sugar sweetened beverages and other sources of calories on any of these parameters. There is an urgent need for South African specific data