University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Fault Location in AC Microgrids: Comparison between High Frequency Impedance approach versus Independent Coordination Farzad Banihashemi Siavash Beheshtaein Mark Vygoder University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Spring 2019

Meshed AC Microgrids Protection shortage and issues must be addressed. Meshed AC microgird is the future of AC microgrids Connecting microgrids provides possibility of multi-level microgrids Higher generation capacity provides higher reliability Higher resiliency of microgrids in terms of frequency Higher independency from the national grid Protection shortage and issues must be addressed.

Test System

Structure of two proposed methods Harmonic Injection / Impedance Approach (Novel Idea - Non-Commercial Devices)▲ ▼ Independent Coordination (Novel Idea - Commercial Devices)

Support Vector Machine SVM training algorithm creates a model and classifies in categories being able to assign the future examples to either categories In this study, SVM considers 500 possible fault locations and impedances for different configurations of the system

Harmonic Injection – Impedance Approach

Harmonic Injection – Impedance Approach Grid Connected Mode▲ ▼ Islanded Mode

Independent Coordination 41 31 42 32 11 12 21 22 51 52 111 112 91 92 101 102 72 71 62 61 81 82

Independent Coordination Breaker 41 Breaker 42

Computer Hardware in the Loop Platform Plant in Real-Time Simulator and protection logic in National Instruments FPGAs like CompactRIO or FlexRIO. NI FPGA makes it easy to generate VHDL code.