Who were the Vikings? Where did they come from?

After the Treaty of Verdun (AD 843), Louis the Pious’ three grandsons broke the Frankish Kingdom into three parts…  

"Age of Invasion” “VIKING AGE” AD 700-1000 Invasions completely destroyed the Carolingian Empire  

Muslims from the south Invaded France and Italy. Excellent Sailors wanted to plunder

Magyars from the east invaded Germany and Italy excellent horseback riders sold the land and the people they conquered

Vikings from the North from Scandinavia Invaded Ireland, England, France, Italy, Constantinople, Russia Attacked the coasts & mainland

Original Nordic nations, the Danes, Norwegians, and Swedes in the 8th Century

Invasions by the original Nordic nations, the Danes, Norwegians, and Swedes by the 13th Century

Vikings from the North Northmen or Norsemen worshiped war-like gods Warriors, Traders, and Pirates Looted Christian Monasteries took pride in their nicknames ex: Eric Bloodaxe and Thorfinn Skullsplitter

Viking weaponry: Swords Wooden shields Helmets axes  

Viking warships (Longboats) largest held 300 men, 72 oars, weighed 20 tons Ship prows swept upward with carved ends

Lief Ericson was a viking explorer who reached North America 500 years before Christopher Columbus. (Newfoundland, Canada)

Decline of the Viking Invasions By 1000 AD Started to accept Christianity Climate change in Scandinavia made farming easier Attacks by these three groups led to widespread disorder and suffering. People turned to their local rulers for protection from invasions….

Use the map on textbook page 323 to answer the following questions Which group made the most far reaching invasions? The Vikings From what region did the Viking invasions originate? Scandinavia (North Sea and Baltic Sea) From where did the Magyar invasions originate? The Steppes (Carpathian Mountains and Danube River) From where did the Muslim attack on Tours originate? Spain (The Caliphate of Cordova))

5. What lands did the Vikings raid? Byzantine Empire, Russia, England, Ireland, France, Italy 6. What was the most typical Magyars invasion route? Land by horseback 7. What was the most typical Viking invasion route? Water (rivers and seas) by boat 8. What was the most typical Muslim invasion route? Land and sea 9. Which country would the Magyars live in today? Hungary 10. Which countries would the Vikings live in today? Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark

Feudalism

Feudalism: a military and political system based on land ownership and personal loyalty.

Causes of Feudalism: Political Turmoil – decline of centralized government Constant Warfare – Magyar, Muslim, and Viking invasions

effects of Feudalism: Increased emphasis on warfare and control of land well defined social classes

social hierarchy: 1. King 2. Nobles and Bishops – Wealthy Vassals 3. Knights – Warriors that defended Lords for land 4. Serfs – Peasants who worked the land; could not leave.

The Manor: The lord’s estate; arrangement which rested on a set of rights and obligations between the lord and his serfs.

Gray - Woodlands; the building blocks of the manor; Green - The 3 Fields; crops were rotated each season on land owned by the Lord and worked by the serfs; Purple - The Lord's house, land and pond; Burnt Orange - The villager's homes; Yellow - Small plots of land serfs could work themselves for their own benefit; Blue - the stream used by all.

Benefits of the Manor System Housing Food Protection  

Drawbacks of the Manor System work 24/7 high taxes poor conditions