Role of epidermal growth factor receptor in acute and chronic kidney injury  Jinhua Tang, Na Liu, Shougang Zhuang  Kidney International  Volume 83, Issue 5, Pages 804-810 (May 2013) DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.435 Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation and downstream signaling pathways. EGFR transactivation is induced by G-protein coupled receptors, which work though intracellular kinases such as Src and PKC to phosphorylate activating proteases and disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs), which cleave EGFR ligands into soluble active moieties that activate EGFR. This leads to subsequent activation of downstream signaling pathways, including the MAPK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase–extracellular signal–regulated kinase) pathway, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. This ultimately leads to translocation of the signal from cytosol into the nucleus, triggering gene transcription and biological effects, such as cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and migration. ERK, extracellular signal–regulated kinase; HB-EGF, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor; IL, interleukin; MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; TGF-α, transforming growth factor-α. Kidney International 2013 83, 804-810DOI: (10.1038/ki.2012.435) Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions